AP World History - Unit 1 Flashcards

Flashcards about Early Asia, Dar al-Islam, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Early Americas, Early Africa, and Early Europe.

Sui Dynasty

Unified China through military conquests and the Grand Canal.

Tang Dynasty

Increased technology and economy; had a strong, central government; time of art and literature; had a bureaucracy and meritocracy.

Song Dynasty

Increased economy through developments like gunpowder, Champa Rice, public works, and paper production.

Bureaucracy

A large, complex system of government organization with a clear hierarchy, division of labor, standardized procedures, emphasis on efficiency, and formalized communication.

Meritocracy

A system in which the most qualified people run the government, often through a civil service exam.

Scholar Gentry

A new social class in China consisting of people who passed the Confucian-based civil service exam.

Champa Rice

A tribute from Vietnam to China that led to two growing seasons and increased food production.

Mandate of Heaven

The divine right for the emperor to rule; if broken, the people have the right to rebel.

Filial Piety

Respect for elders; a key Confucian principle that contributed to women having a much lower status than men.

Tributary System

A system where surrounding states gave China's emperor goods in exchange for protection and trade rights.

Shogunate System

A feudal and decentralized nation in Japan with an emperor and shogun (military leader); samurai practiced Bushido code.

Dar al-Islam

The circle of Islam; facilitated trade and cultural exchange through Islamic expansion.

Al-Andalus

Muslim-ruled dynasties in Iberia (8th-15th century); a center of culture and learning with a highly diverse and tolerant society.

Jizya

A tax on non-Muslims in Islamic-ruled areas.

Caliphates

Islamic states ruled by caliphs; the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates were influential across Afro-Eurasia with many cultural achievements and internal conflicts.

Delhi Sultanate

A Muslim sultanate in India established by Turkish people; known for cultural and architectural achievements.

Chola Dynasty

A South Indian dynasty succeeded by the Vijayanagar Empire.

Rajput Kingdoms

Vulnerable Hindu Kingdoms in Northern India from 8th - 16th century.

Khmer Empire

A powerful land-based empire in Southeast Asia known for irrigation and Angkor Wat.

Srivijaya Empire

An Indonesian Hindu empire; a key trade center controlling the Straight of Malacca between China and India.

Majapahit Kingdom

A smaller Indonesian Buddhist empire.

Sufism

Mythical sect of Sunni Islam; Islamic merchants & Sufi missionaries spread to SE Asia.

Kin-based networks

Governed most African cultures, where families/clans governed themselves; there was no centralization of power.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Exchange of goods across the Sahara Desert, facilitated by Islam.

Swahili Coast

Located in East Africa. Crossroad for trade with Indian Ocean. Bantu city-states blended African, Arab, and Persian culture.

Great Zimbabwe

Largest Bantu city-state.

Kingdom of Axum

Christian Kingdom which engaged in trade.

Griots

Venerated storytellers who acted as oral historians in Africa.

Feudalism

Based on the holding of land in exchange for service/labor.

Manorial System

Provided economic self-sufficiency and defense in Europe during feudalism.

3-Field System

Increased agricultural efficiency, leading to food and population growth in Europe.

Estates-General

French legislative body made by King Phillip II of France.

Concordat of Worms

Separated church from state (secular authority).

Magna Carta

English Milestone for constitution & checks and balances signed by King John.

Reconquista

Catholic church expelled Muslims from Spain.

The Great Schism

Marked the 1st division of Catholicism with separate Roman Catholic West Europe and Orthodox East Europe.

Gutenberg Printing Press

Mass printed books and played key role in spreading of knowledge.

Renaissance

A reemergence of literature, art, global connection, and development after the Crusades.