Flash Cards - Cell Division and DNA Test
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THIS IS 47 FLASHCARDS
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47 Terms
Cell Division Purpose
To Grow and Repair Cells
Mitosis
Makes Identical Body Cells
Meiosis
Makes Different Sex Cells
Gametes
Sex Cells - sperms and eggs
Interphase
DNA Gets Copied (replicated)
DNA Shape
Double Helix
DNA Location
Nucleus of Cell
DNA Purpose
Contains Instructions For Life (genes)
Gregor Mendel
Person To First Figure Out Kids Inherit Traits From Paretns
How Did Gregor Mendel Figure Out Traits
He Studied Pea Plants
Amount of Alleles Kids Get From Each Parents
1 Allele
The Two Types of Alleles
Dominant and Recessive
Genotypes
Homozygous and Heterozygous
Homozygous
Two Uppercase Letters or Two Lowercase Letters
Heterozygous
One Uppercase Letter and One Lowercase Letter
Phenotypes
The Actual Physical Trait That We Can See
What Do We Use To Figure Out The Probability of Traits of The Offspring?
Punnett Squares
Mutation
Change In Organisms DNA
What Can Cause Changes In DNA?
Errors In DNA Replication During Cell Division or Environmental Factors
The Three Types of Mutation to DNA
Substitution, Insertion, Deletion
The Three Ways Mutations Can Affect The Organism
Helpful, Harmful, Neutral
Complete Dominance
Dominant Allele Overpowers The Recessive Allele
Codominance
Neither Allele Is Dominant and Heterozygous Shows Both Traits
Incomplete Dominance
Dominant Allele Does Not Completely Mask The Recessive Allele and Heterozygous Shows A Blend
Sexlinked Traits Location
On One of The Sex Chromosomes
On Which Sex Chromosome Are Sexlinked Traits Usually Located
On The X Chromosome
Pedigree
Family Tree That Shows Genetic History
When Do Dominant Traits Show Up In a Pedigree?
In Every Generation
When Do Recessive Traits Show Up In a Pedigree?
In Every Other Generation
What Shape Is a Female On a Pedigree?
Circle
What Shape Is a Male On a Pedigree
Square
What Color Shows Normal On a Pedigree
White - for both men and women
What Color Shows Affected On a Pedigree
Black - for both men and women
How Is a Carrier Shown On a Pedigree
With One Half Black and One Half White - for both men and women except if it is talking about sexlinked traits men can not be carriers only affected or normal
Which Gender Do X Linked Traits Affect More
Males
How Many Parents Does Sexual Reproduction Need
2
What Kind of Organism Does Sexual Reproduction Occur In
Multicellular
What Is Inefficient About Sexual Reproduction
It Takes Lots of Time and Reproduces Less Offspring
Are Offspring Genetically Identical In Sexual Reproduction
No - more genetic variance
How Does Sexual Reproduction Affect Adaption
It Removes Bad Genes Which Allows For Adaptation
How Many Parents Does Asexual Reproduction Need
One
Are Offspring Genetically Identical To The Parents In Asexual Reproduction
Yes
How Is Asexual Reproduction More Efficient
It Is Faster and More Offspring Is Reproduced
5 Types of Asexual Reproduction
Budding, Binary Fission, Regeneration, Fragmentation, Vegetable Reproduction
Difference Between Budding and Vegetable Reproduction
Budding Is Very Quick While Vegetable Reproduction Is Slower
What Genetic Problem Happens With Asexual Reproduction
It Lacks Any Genetic Variance
How Does Asexual Reproduction Affect Adaptations
They Take Longer To Develop