FINAL LAB REAL STUDY

Hyphae

fungal threads

Mycelium

network of hyphae

Fruiting body

reproductive structure

Mycorrhizae

fungus + plant

Lichens

does not equal moss

Crustose

flat

Foliose

leaf-like

Fruticose

shrubby

Choanoflagellates

closest living relatives of animals

Eumetazoa

true tissues

Parazoa

no true tissues

Choanocytes

create water current

Ostia

water enters

Osculum

water exits

Amoebocytes

digest food

Cnidarians

radial symmetry + nematocysts

Ctenophores

biradial symmetry + no nematocysts

Habitat

where it lives

Range

where it is geographically found

Jellyfish

Cnidarian

Coral

Anthozoa

Sea Anemones

Anthozoa

Cassiopeia sp

Scyphozoa jellyfish

Hydrozoa

Hydra, Obelia, Physalia

Anthozoa

Corals and sea anemones

Scyphozoa

True jellyfish

Nematocyst

Stinging cells

Life Stages

Polyp and/or medusa

Germ Layers Presen

Ectoderm and endoderm

Mesoglea

Layer located between the germ layers

Opistho

Rearward

Kont

pole/fagellum

Opisthokonta Characteristic

Rearward-facing flagellum (many members lost it during evolution).

Absorptive heterotrophs

fungi

Organic carbon through absorption

fungi obtain energy

Fruiting Body

Reproductive structure that produces spores

Fungal Body

Mostly hidden underground or inside a host

Hyphae

Individual fungal threads

Mycelium

Complete feeding network of hyphae

Fungi are Classified By

Their sexual reproductive structures

Mucoromycota (formerly Zygomycota)

Produces zygosporangia

Zygosporangia

Produce zygotes

Rhizopus stolonifer

Bread mold

Ascomycota

produces asci

Asci

Produce ascospores

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast used for baking and alcohol production

Peziza sp

Ascomycota fungus.

Sordaria fimicola

Ascomycota fungus

Basidiomycota

Produces basidia

Basidia

Produce basidiospores

Coprinus sp

Mushroom belonging to Basidiomycota.

Bracket/Shelf Fungus

Basidiomycota fungus

Sporangium

Asexual reproductive structure containing spores

Sporangiophore

Specialized hypha supporting the sporangium

Stolon

horizontal hypha connecting fungal structures

Rhizoid

Root-like structure for attachment and absorption

Coenocytic Hyphae

Hyphae lacking septa

Zygosporangium

Sexual reproductive structure of Rhizopus

Gill

Spore-producing surface of mushrooms.

Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants

Plant Provides

Carbohydrates

Cortex Layer

Made of fungus.

Medulla Layer

Made of fungus

Algal Layer

Contains cyanobacteria or algae

Lichens

Symbiotic relationship between fungi and cyanobacteria or green algae

Closest Living Eukaryotic Relative of Animals

Choanoflagellates

Choanocytes are NOT Found In

Plants or fungi

Collar Cells in Animals are Called

Choanocytes

Closest Living Eukaryotic Relative of Animals

Choanoflagellates

Metazoa

Kingdom Animalia.

Eumetazoa

Animals possessing true tissues.

Parazoa

Animals lacking true tissues.

Phylum Porifera

Sponges.

Protostomes

Blastopore becomes the mouth

Blastula

Hollow ball of cells.

Archenteron

Tube formed during development

Blastopore

Opening of the archenteron

Lophotrochozoans + Ecdysozoans

Protostomes

Lophophore

Feeding apparatus

Lophophore Made Of

Ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth

Trochophore

Larval stage.

Lophotrochozoans Have

Lophophore or trochophore larvae.

Symmetry

Bilateral.

Cephalization

Head region with sense organs

Gastrovascular Cavity

Incomplete

Number of Openings

One.

Nervous System

Basic central nervous system.

Reproduction

Hermaphroditic

Hermaphroditic

Possess both male and female reproductive organs.

Mastax

jaws for chewing.

Brachiopods

have lophophore.

Annelids

segmented worms.

Earthworm digestive tract:

Mouth → Pharynx → Esophagus → Crop → Gizzard → Intestine → Anus

Flatworms =

bilateral + one opening + hermaphroditic.

Trematoda

parasitic flukes.

Polyplacophora

chitons.

Gastropoda =

snails/slugs + torsion.

Cephalopoda

squid/octopus + intelligent predators.

Protostomes

blastopore becomes mouth.

Lophophore

feeding structure.