Psych Development Attachment and Parenting styles

Stranger Anxiety

a fear of strangers that develops at around 8 month
age where infants form schemas for familiar faces and cannot assimilate a new face

Attachment

emotional tie with another person, shown in your children by their seeking closeness in showing distress on separation

Harlow's experiment

the monkeys needed contact and it is key to attachment in children

Critical period

an optimal period shortly after birth when exposure to certain events/experiences produce proper development

Imprinting

when certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
once formed its difficult to reverse

strange situation

found the attachment styles insecure and secure

Self-concept

a sense of one's identity and personal worth, emerges gradually around 6 months

children's views of themselves affect their actions
- children who form positive self-concept re more confident, independent, and sociable

Diana Baumrind

suggested that the majority of parents display one of the three parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive

Authoratarian

parents impose rules and expect obedience
lead to less social skills and self esteem in children

Authoritative

parents are demanding but responsive to their children
lead to more self confident, socially competent, and self reliant children

Permissive

parents submit to children's demands and use little punishment
lead to aggressive and immature children

Sex

strictly biological traits

Gender

both biological traits and social characteristics

Gender Roles

set of expected behaviors for males and females
culture influences and impacts this

Gender identity

sense of being male or female

Social Learning Theory

Albert Bandura promoted his idea: the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded of punished

Gender Typing

the way some children are more attuned than others to traditional male/female roles

Gender Schema

the framework for organizing boy-girl characteristics

Adolescence

a life between childhood and adulthood
begins with puberty

brain Development

adolescence marks the start of selective pruning of the neurons

Selective Pruning

unused neural connections are lost to make other pathways more efficient

Frontal Cortex during Adolescence

neurons in frontal cortex grow myelin which speeds up nerve conduction
it lags behind the limbic system