Week 4 openness to experience

Which of the traits are a part of the metatrait of plasticity?

openness to experience

extraversion

What are the two main aspects of the trait openness to experience?

openness - cognitive engagement with perceptual and sensory info (artistic and aesthetic interests) leading to detection of spatial and temporal correlational patterns in sensory and perceptual info

intellect - cognitive engagement with abstract or semantic info and ideas through reasoning leading to detection of logical or causal patterns in abstract and semantic info

Crystalised intelligence

accumulated knowledge and vocab acquired through experience and education

Fluid intelligence

ability to reason abstractly, solve problems and learn new concepts quickly independent of prior knowledge or experience

McCrae alternate uses task

how many uses can you think of for this pair of glasses

What is a sematic distance task? What do people high in an openness related trait perform?

how close in meaning are these two things? (e.g. ‘stripe’ and ‘tree’)

people high in openness related trait see distant meanings as more connected

Other correlates to openness to experience?

divergent thinking

paranormal beliefs

unusual experiences and magical thinking

Simeonova et al (2005) found what about creativity and psychopathy?

bipolar disorder individuals and creative controls scored signif higher vs unipolar and non-creative controls on Barron-Welsh Art Scale

Kyaga et al (2013) found what?

individuals with creative professions were not more likely to suffer from these psychiatric disorders vs controls w/ exception of bipolar disorder

being an author especially associated with an increased likelihood of SZ, bipolar, depression, anx etc

What did Pennisi find abotu autism and creativity?

average creative profile of autistic people showed inhibited in fluency and flexibility, but high level of detail and a particularly high level of originality.

Where is creativity on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?

top

What is the Mad Genius Paradox?

Among all creative individuals, the most creative are at higher risk for mental illness than are the less creative

What is latent inhibition?

pre-exposure to a CS alone can hinder later conditioning involving that CS

Reduced latent inhibition has been associated with what?

SZ and risk of psychosis

increased openness to experience

increased creative achievement in high IQ individuals

What assessment tools did Carson et al (2003) use to measure creativity?

creativity achievement questionnaire (CAQ)

divergent thinking tasks

creative personality scale (CPS)

latent inhibition

What is the Creativity Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ)?

measure of lifetime creativity accomplishment in fields of art and science

What is the creative personality scale (CPS)?

set of 30 items from adjective check list

How was latent inhibition measured ?

auditory pre-exposure paradigm

What is the auditory pre-exposure paradigm?

Pre-exposed:

target stimuli - white noise bursts superimposing randomly

masking material - 30 nonsense syllables

ppts believed task was to determine how many times they heard a selected nonsense syllable

non-pre-exposed:

same but no target stimuli

What did Carson et al (2003) find?

number of creatives exhibiting LI was significantly higher

Reduced LI is associated with increased ? activity?

dopaminergic

DeYoung et al have proposed that openness/ intellect is linked to dopaminergic neurons that?

code for salience

are activated by both positive and negative info

innervate diff brain regions than the value-coding dopaminergic neuron