ARH301 - Exam2 IDs

Title: The Battle of Hastings Begins

Artist/Culture: Norman-Anglo-Saxon

Materials: linen/wool (embroidery)

Location/Year: Bayeux (Normandy), England or France c. 1066-1082

Title: Tunic

Culture: Inca Dynasty

Materials: Camelid fiber (wool), cotton

Location/Year: Peru, c. 1500

Title: The Unicorn Purifies Water, from the Hunt of the Unicorn, tapestry series

Artist/Culture: French/Flemish

Materials: wool/silk/metal thread (tapestry)

Location/Year: Flanders, c. 1495-1505

Embroidery

designs sewn on the cloth with threads

tapestry

a wall hanging of heavy handwoven fabric with pictorial designs

warp

a lengthwise yarn or thread in a weave

weft

the horizontal threads interlaced through the warp in a woven fabric

Title: Creation of Adam

Artist: Michealangelo

Materials: fresco

Location/Year: Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Vatican Palace, Rome, Italy 1511-1512

Title: Shakyamuni Buddha

Materials: mural painting

Location/Year: Saspol Cave 3, Gon-Nila-Phuk Cave Temples, India, c. 15th C

Title: Waves at Matsushima, painted screen

Artist: Tawaraya Sotatsu

Materials: gold/ink/color/ on paper (painted screen)

Location/Year: Kyoto, late 16th-early 17th C.

cartone/cartoon

A full-scale preparatory drawing used to transfer a design onto a surface for painting, especially frescoes

cycle

A series of artworks (often paintings) that are thematically linked and meant to be viewed together, often telling a story or marking events.

foreground

The part of a composition that appears closest to the viewer; often contains the most detail and visual emphasis

foreshortening

A technique that distorts proportions to create the illusion of depth, making objects appear to recede dramatically into space

fresco

A mural painting technique where pigments are applied directly onto wet plaster, bonding the color with the wall as it dries

fusuma

Japanese sliding doors made of paper or silk, often painted with decorative scenes; used in traditional interiors

giornata

Italian for “a day’s work”; refers to the section of a fresco completed in a single day, visible in subtle divisions on the wall.

illusionistic

Art that creates the convincing illusion of three-dimensional space or objects on a flat surface.

middle ground

The area between the foreground and background in a composition; helps create spatial depth and narrative flow

modeling

The use of light and shadow to give the illusion of volume and three-dimensionality to forms

mural

A large-scale painting applied directly to a wall or ceiling, often public and narrative in nature

volumetric

Describes forms that appear to occupy space with mass and volume, often achieved through modeling and perspective

Title: Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk

Patreon: Song Dynasty (Emperor Huizong)

Materials: ink/color/gold on silk

Location/Year: Beijing, 12th C.

Title: Madonna and Child

Artist: Duccio di Buoninsegna

Materials: tempera/gold/panel

Location/Year: Siena, Italy, c. 1290-1300

Title: Garden of Earthly Delights

Artist: Hieronymus Bosch

Materials: oil/wood (triptych)

Location/Year: Brussels (?), c. 1505-1515

Altarpiece

A work of art (usually a painting or relief) placed behind or above an altar in a church, often depicting religious scenes

Bird’s-eye view

A perspective that looks down on a scene from above, as if seen by a bird in flight

Gilding

The decorative process of applying a thin layer of gold to a surface, often used to enhance visual richness

Gold Leaf

Thin sheets of real gold used in gilding to decorate artworks, especially in religious or luxurious contexts

Hanging Scroll

A vertical scroll format used in East Asian art, designed to be hung for display and then rolled up for storage

Hand Scroll

A horizontal scroll meant to be unrolled and viewed section by section, often used for narrative or landscape scenes

Icon

A religious image, especially in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, meant for veneration and spiritual contemplation.

Iconic

Refers to an image or style that is symbolic, easily recognizable, and often simplified for emphasis

Medium

The material or technique used to create an artwork (e.g., oil paint, ink, wood)

Narrative

A visual story told through an artwork, often unfolding across panels or scrolls

Oil Painting

A painting technique using pigments mixed with oil (usually linseed), known for rich color and slow drying time

Palette

The range of colors used by an artist, or the physical board on which colors are mixed.

Panel Painting

A painting created on a flat wooden surface, common in medieval and Renaissance art

Tempera 

A fast-drying painting medium made by mixing pigments with egg yolk, used before oil painting became dominant.

Triptych

A three-part artwork, often hinged so the side panels can fold over the central one; common in altarpieces

Wing

The side panels of a triptych or polyptych, which may be movable and often contain complementary scenes

Title: Melencolia I

Artist: Albrecht Durer

Materials: engraving

Location/Year: Nuremberg (Germany), 1514

Title: The Great Wave, from Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji

Artist: Katsushika Hokusai

Materials: polychrome woodblock, print/paper

Location/Year: Japan, 1831

Title: Woman Bathing

Artist: Mary Cassatt

Materials: color drypoint/aquatint

Location/Year: Paris, France c. 1890-1891

Aquatint

A printmaking technique that uses acid to create tonal effects on a metal plate coated with resin.

Block Printing

A method of printing where a carved block is inked and pressed onto paper or fabric.

Burin

A sharp tool used to carve lines into a metal plate for engraving.

Cross-Hatching

A shading technique using intersecting lines to create depth and texture.

Drypoint

A printmaking process where an image is scratched into a plate with a needle, producing soft lines.

Edition

A set of prints made from the same plate, often numbered to show how many were produced.

Engraving

A technique where lines are incised into a metal plate with a burin, then inked and printed.

Etching

A printmaking method using acid to bite into a metal plate through a protective ground.

Graphic Arts

Visual art forms like drawing and printmaking that emphasize line and tone.

Impression

A single print taken from a plate, block, or stone.

Japonisme

The influence of Japanese art and design on Western art, especially in the 19th century.

Ukiyo-e

Japanese woodblock prints depicting everyday life, landscapes, and entertainment during the Edo period.

Woodblock Print

A print made by carving an image into wood, inking it, and pressing it onto paper.

Woodcut

The oldest printmaking technique, using raised carved wood surfaces to hold ink for printing.

Title: St. Francis in Ecstasy

Artist: Giovanni Bellini

Materials: oil/tempera/wood

Location/Year: Venice, Italy c. 1470’s

Title: Mountain Market, Clear with Rising Mist

Artist: Josean Dynasty

Materials: painted scroll, ink on silk

Location/Year: Korea, early 1500’s

Title: Great Serpent Mound

Materials: dirt

Location/Year: Adam County, Ohio, c. 1070

Earthworks

Large-scale artworks created by shaping the land itself—such as mounds or trenches—often used for ritual or symbolic purposes.

Hanging Scroll

A vertical artwork mounted on silk or paper, designed to be hung for display and rolled up for storage; common in East Asian art.

Oil Painting

A technique using pigments suspended in oil, known for rich color, slow drying time, and detailed layering.

Orthogonal

Lines that appear to recede into the distance and converge at a vanishing point, creating depth in linear perspective.

Perspective (Atmospheric)

A technique that simulates depth by making distant objects lighter, hazier, and less detailed than those in the foreground.

Painting on Fabric

Artworks created directly on textiles like silk or cotton, often used in scrolls or garments; valued for delicacy and portability.

Vanishing Point

The spot on the horizon line where orthogonal lines converge in linear perspective, guiding the viewer’s eye and creating spatial depth.

Title: Mona Lisa

Artist: Leonardo da Vinci

Materials: oil/wood

Location/Year: c. 1503-1506

Title: Hip Pendant of an iyoba (Queen Mother)

Artist: Edo culture

Materials: ivory/iron/copper

Location/Year: Benin City, Nigeria c. 1550

Title: The Night Watch (The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq)

Artist: Rembrandt van Rijn

Materials: oil/canvas

Location/Year: Amsterdam, Netherlandsa c. 1642

Chiaroscuro

Use of strong contrasts between light and dark to create the illusion of volume and depth in two-dimensional art.

Foreshortening

Technique that depicts an object or figure in perspective to make it appear as if it recedes sharply into space.

Painterly

A style where brushstrokes are visible and expressive, emphasizing texture and movement over precise detail.

Sfumato

Soft, smoky blending of colors and tones without harsh outlines, creating a hazy, atmospheric effect.

Title: Twin Figures (Ere Ibeji)

Culture: Yoruba Culture

Materials: wood/glass beads/ cotton/ coconut shell beads/ pigments (indigo, tukula)

Location/Year: Nigeria. Early 20th C.

Title: Te-Hau-Ki-Turanga (Maori Meeting House)

Artist: Raharuhi Rukupo (master carver) /women weavers

Materials: wood/shell/grass/flax/pigments

Location/Year: New Zealand, 1842-1843, restored 1935

Title: Templo Mayor (Great Aztec Pyramid)

Artist:

Materials:

Location/Year: Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) reconstruction, c. 1500

Contextualism

understanding art by looking at its cultural, religious, and social background.