2.1.2 Structure of prokaryotic cells and viruses

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6 Terms

1
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Explain why viruses are acellular

They’re not made of cells and have no cell membrane, cytoplasm or organelles

2
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Explain why cells are non-living

They don’t respire

3
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Describe the general structure of a virus particle

  • Nucleic acids surrounded by a capsid

  • Attachment proteins allow attachment to specific host cells

  • No cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell wall or cell membrane etc

  • Some surrounded by a lipid envelope

4
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What is an example of a prokaryotic organism?

Bacteria

5
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Why is DNA in prokaryotic cells not enclosed in a nucleus?

Cytoplasm lacks membrane - bound organelles so genetic material isn’t enclosed in a nucleus

6
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Describe the general structure of a prokaryotic cell

  • Cell - surface membrane

  • Cell wall

  • Cytoplasm

  • Small ribosomes

  • Circular DNA (free in cytoplasm and not associated with proteins)

In some:

  • Capsule

  • Plasmids (small rings of DNA)

  • Flagella