Public Speaking: Final exam vocab

Non-verbal communication

Communicating without the use of words. (Gestures, facial expression,p position)

verbal communication

expressing ideas to others by using spoken words

Prosody

the patterns of rhythm,sounds,stress, and intonation used in speech

Timbre

quality given to a sound by overtone

Inflection

when we change tone/pitch of our voice when speaking to match what we say

analogical persuasion

based on slippery-slope arguments to persuade a judge

analogical reasoning

Analysis that compares two similar cases and assumes that what's true for one is true for the other

Articulation

ability to physically move the tongue, lips, teeth, and jaw to produce sequence of speech sounds

Enunciation

clear pronunciation; accent; articulation

Refutation

The part of an argument in which a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.

audience-centeredness

keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

co-active approach

a way of approaching reluctant audiences in which the speaker attempts to establish goodwill, emphasizes shared values, and sets modest goals for persuasion

commemorative speech

a speech/presentation that pays tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea

Comparative advantages order

the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity (such as making a specific product) more efficiently than another activity.

connotative meaning

the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase

demagogue

(n.) a leader who exploits popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power

denotative meaning

the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase

empathic listening

listening and questioning technique that allows for a development and enhancement of relationship of what what is being conveyed, both intellectually and emotionally.

Mehrabian theory of communication

7% of the meaning of feelings and attitudes takes place through the words we use in spoken communications, while 38% takes place through tone and voice and the remaining 55% of communication of these factors take place through the body language we use

physiognomy

a person's facial features or expression, especially when regarded as indicative of character or ethnic origin.

gesticulation

a gesture, especially a dramatic one, used instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words.

POI's (Debate)

A point of information is offered in the course of a speech by a member of the opposing team

Modes of Persuasion (Logos)

using logic

Modes of Persuasion(Ethos)

Credibility

Modes of Persuasion (Pathos)

tug at heartstrings (emotions)

Modes of Persuasion (Kairos)

timeliness

crescendo ending

an ending whereby the speaker attempts to build up on the type of power that the speech is portraying, and ends it on this particular note

derived credibility

credibility a speaker develops during a speech

emergent leader

one who comes to be recognized as a leader by the group's members over time

Encoding process

process of turning thoughts into communication

extemporaneous speech

a speech that relies on research , it is carefully prepared, clear, and organized, it is practiced delivery, but it is not read nor memorizing

fallacy

a false or mistaken idea

inclusive language

language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors

Jargon

special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.

manuscript speech

a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

optimum pitch

the level at which people can produce their strongest voice with minimal effort and that allows variation up and down the musical scale

Substance vs Style

those who emphasize style tend to succeed in the short term while those who just go for substance are more likely to succeed in the longer term.

Vocalized Pause

A pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as "uh," "er," and "um."

pitch

a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency

extemporaneous style

Learning your speech well enough so that you can deliver it from a key word outline.

informative speech

a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding

persuasive speech

a speech with the aim of convincing the audience