Exercise Psychology Chapter Three

Social Environment

cohesion

a dynamic process that is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs

enacted support

the support given by the provider of a social exchange

group dynamics

the nature of groups, individual relationships within groups, and the group members’ interactions with each other

income inequality

an unequal distribution of resources based on income

perceived support

and individual’s cognitive appraisal support

racial discrimination

different treatments from people or organizations/systems between people of different races or ethnicities

Received support

the support received from the recipient of a social exchange

social environment

the physical surroundings, social relationships, and cultural milieu within which people function and interact

social identity

the degree to which a person identifies with a social group

social inequality

an unequal distribution of resources based on social status

social integration

the degree to which the individual participates and is involved in family life, the social life, of the community a nd has access to resources and support services

social networks

a person’s connectedness to other people

stigma

when people have negative views of a person as a result of associations between characteristics of that person and negative attributes

support network

an individual’s social network from a functional perspective AKA network resources

supportive climate

the quality of social relationships and systems

three components of a social environment

physical surroundings, social relationships, and cultural milieu

How does perceived support differ from actual support

people can perceive less support than they receive

how could social inequality or income inequality impact physical activity behavior

an individual of a lower SES may not be able to afford a gym membershipsesc and might have to work multiple jobs and not have the energy for physical activity

describe a way social environment might negatively impact physical activity for sedentary behavior

hanging out with people who exclusively play video games will decrease physical activity and increase sedentary behavior

what is one way to measure social support

through a self-report survey

describe a situation in which group dynamics might influence an individuals movement behaviors

if a group of friends is doing a yoga class their friend might try it for the first time

what makes an effective leader for physical activity

properly qualified, develop personal bonds, and use knowledge of the group to demonstrate collective accomplishments and a positive social identity