CHAPTER 5 ITM

ACID properties

Atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability; ensure reliable transaction processing and data integrity in databases.

Attribute

A characteristic of an entity.

Concurrency control

A method for managing simultaneous access to the same record by multiple users or applications.

Data

Raw facts such as employee numbers or total hours worked in a week.

Data cleansing

The process of detecting and correcting or deleting incomplete, incorrect, or irrelevant records in a database.

Data Definition Language (DDL)

Instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a database.

Data dictionary

A detailed description of the data stored in a database.

Data governance

Defines roles, responsibilities, and processes for ensuring data trustworthiness and management.

Data item

The specific value of an attribute.

Data lifecycle management (DLM)

A policy-based approach to managing data flow from acquisition to deletion.

Data management

Processes for obtaining, certifying, storing, securing, and processing data.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

A language that allows users to access and modify data, make queries, and generate reports.

Data normalization

The process of organizing data to eliminate redundancy and ensure data dependencies.

Data steward

An individual responsible for the management of critical data elements.

Database

A well-designed, organized, and managed collection of data.

Database administrator (DBA)

An IS professional responsible for managing databases and user data needs.

Database approach to data management

An approach where multiple systems share a pool of related data.

Database-as-a-Service (DaaS)

A service model where databases are hosted by a provider and accessed over the Internet.

Database management system (DBMS)

Programs used to access and manage a database and provide user interfaces.

Domain

The range of allowable values for a data attribute.

Enterprise data model

A model identifying the data entities and attributes of interest to an organization.

Entity

A person, place, or thing for which data is collected and maintained.

Entity-relationship (ER) diagram

A graphical data model showing the organization and relationships between data.

File

A collection of similar entities.

Foreign key

An attribute in one table that refers to the primary key in another table.

Information

Organized data that has additional value beyond individual facts.

Joining

Combining tables through common attributes to form a new table.

Knowledge

Awareness and understanding of information for specific tasks or decisions.

Primary key

An attribute or set that uniquely identifies a record.

Projecting

Manipulating data to eliminate columns in a table.

Record

A collection of attributes about a specific entity.

Relational database model

An organization of data into two-dimensional tables called relations.

Schema

A description defining the structure of the database, including tables and attributes.

Selecting

Manipulating data to eliminate rows based on criteria.

SQL

A programming language for accessing and manipulating relational database data.