FREEDOM N KEMERUT

FREEDOM

The human capacity to act (or not to act) as we choose or prefer without any external compulsion or restraint.

FREEDOM

It is an intrinsic and essential property of a person.

FREEDOM

is the ability to MAKE CHOICES and PERFORM ACTIONS

ANIMALS

Responds to commands

ANIMALS

Trained and conditioned to perform

ANIMALS

Act instinctively (actions are predetermined responses to certain stimuli)

Human Persons

Act instinctively (actions can choose the course of action to take when given a stimulus or faced with certain situation.

Volition

It is the faculty or power to use or discharge one’s will.

Intellect

If there were no _____, there would be no will.

The will of humanity

It is an instrument of free choice. It is within the power of everyone to be good or bad, or worthy or worthless.

rational

For Aristotle, human being is?

Freedom, for St. Thomas,

is the manner intellectual beings seek universal goodness.

moral agent.

St. Thomas considers the human being as a ?

Our spirituality

It separates us from animals; it delineates moral dimension of our fulfillment in an action. St.

Existentialism

is a philosophical movement known for its inquiry on human existence, which means to exist.

Jean Paul Sartre

For him, the human persons builds the road to the destiny of his/her choosing; he/she is the creator.

Existence precedes essences.

Sartre’s Existentialism stems from this principle:

free induvial choice

Sartre emphasizes the importance of ???

Freedom

means exercising our capacity to make decisions, change our life path and direct the course of our lives through our own steering.

Freedom

It is somethings that is exercised through our CHOICES.

Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke

These philosophers define freedom of an individual in the context of having a government to rule them (contract), which is the basis of notion of more obligation and duty.

Social Contract-

an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority.

1. PHYSICAL FREEDOM

Refers to the absence of any PHYSICAL RESTRAINT. The person has the freedom of mobility to go where he/she wants to go.

2. PSYCHOLOGICAL FREEDOM

Also called as “freedom of choice”.

The person is free to perform actions that he/she considers right and wise. A person is also free to act or not to act.

Itis INNATE and CANNOT BE DENIED AS A PERSON.

3. MORAL FREEDOM

Using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness.

Negative Freedom

refers to absence of interference; absence of coercion or interference

Negative Freedom

Failed to use freedom in a responsible manner

Positive Freedom

Kind of freedom that requires active effort; has control or mastery of huis/herself and has the strength to do what is good

Positive Freedom

This is doing the right thing and exercising the freedom in a responsible manner

Absolute Freedom

no form of hindrance that would prevent from doing what you want

choice.

Freedom involves ?

Voluntariness and Responsiblity

2 Elements that define Freedom

Voluntariness

It refers to the ability of a person to act out of his or her own free will and self- determination.

Voluntariness

Decisions are made out of his or her own free will.

Voluntariness

Also means that a person may act even if he or she is not required or called to take action.

Voluntary acts

are free acts which can be assigned a corresponding moral value

Responsibility

It refers to the person being accountable for his or her actions and their consequences.

Intellectual Choice

This is a choice which is deliberately selected based on moral standpoint.

Practical Choice

A choice which is borne out of psychological and emotional considerations.

Dilemma

a situation where a person is forced to choose between two or more conflicting options, neither of which is acceptable

Ethical or Moral Dilemma

When dilemmas involve human actions which have moral implications, they are called?

Moral Dilemma

Are situations where moral agents are forced to choose between two or more conflicting options, neither of which resolves the situation in a morally acceptable manner

Human Person

Is someone with an exact origin of his/her classification

Natural Selection

Evolution takes place through a process called?

Natural Selection

 is the process by which organisms are better suited to adaptation to their environmental survival, while those that are poorly suited to their environment do

Soul

It is is what gives us our personality and its through our soul that we live our relationship with God, with other people and with our self.

1. The Physical Self

Ø (something can be seen in his/her physical appearance) which deals with the essential features of the human way of life or THE WHO OF A PERSON which includes his/her body type, strength and appearances.

1. The Cognitive Self

Ø (something within and cannot be physically seen) is the essential components of a human person that deals with THE WHAT OF A PERSON which includes human persons' belief, desire, dreams, and intentions.

Embodied 

Ø Materialized, personify, epitomize, “kumakatawan”

Embodied spirit

Ø Inseparable union of body and soul

Embodied Spirit

is an animating core living within each of us.

Embodied Spirit

Ø It is known to be the driving force behind what we actually think, do and say.

Spirit

This intangible element enables us to exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority , and the capacity to reach out to the outside world and other persons.

Embodiment

The representation or expression of something in tangible or visible form, enables us to do and experience all the things that make us human persons.

Embodiment of the spirit

particularly refers to the inseparable union of human body and soul.

1. Self- Awareness

Ø Refers to person having a clear perception of oneself, including his or her thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions. It is the ability of one’s consciousness to look inward thus discovering the presence of a self.

1. Self- Awareness

Ø The human person is defined by a deeper awareness that is driven by rationality or human thought. A person is aware of both his or her surroundings and himself or herself.

1. Self- Awareness

Ø This awareness gives rise to the notion of the “self”, which the philosophers describe as the person who is actively aware that he or she is perceiving and experiencing reality.

Interiority

The quality of being focused on ones inner life and identity.

1. Externality

Ø It is the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world.

1. Externality

The realization that we are not alone and that there are indeed other people around us enables us to reach out and establish meaningful relationships with others.

1. Externality

Philosophers consider man as a social being and that a person never exist in isolation.

1. Self-Determination

Ø It refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriented and self directed. We are persons because we act and we are aware of our actions.

Ø Free will

It is the capacity to choose a course of action from various alternatives.

Consequence 

Ø is the result or effect of an action or condition. Philosophers believe that a person acts freely and with due regard for the __________ of his or her actions.

Morality

 

Ø is the “goodness or badness” of an act”

1. Dignity

Ø It is the innate right to be valued and respected. Philosophers consider all humans as having an inherent worth or value.

Dignity

Ø Each person is worth the same as another person in the sense that every person is priceless, unique, unrepeatable and irreplaceable.

Dignity

Ø The state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect.

Respect 

Ø From the latin word respectus meaning “to look back at”.

 

Respect

Showing admiration for someone because of their abilities, qualities or achievements.

Dignity

Ø From the latin word dignitas meaning “to be worthy”.

Dignity

All people have the right to be recognized for their inherent humanity and treated ethically.

Dignity of Morality

Ø The result of the moral deeds of the subject.

Dignity of Identity

Ø Tied to the integrity of the subjects body and mind, and in many instances also dependent on the subject’s self-image.

Transcendence

means overcoming oneself or being in control even if the body reminds us of certain tendencies. Although these tendencies are felt, the person can govern them and ensure that they are exercised within the bounds of reason.

Person

 

Ø is a human being with rights, protection, responsibility, and dignity above all.

Limitation

Ø is something that does or may not extend to pass.

Possibilities

Ø the absence of contradiction or thing that may happen.

Transcendence

Ø is surpassing our limits or going beyond my physical being.

Transcendence 

means beyond the limits of possible experience.

Kantianism

Ø In ____________, Transcendence means beyond human knowledge (Wikipedia).

Mike Colagrossi

According to him, transcendence refers to the very highest and most inclusive or holistic levels of human consciousness, behaving and relating, as ends rather than means, to oneself, to significant others, to human beings in general, to other species, to nature, and to the cosmos.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 

Ø is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.