EB Chapter 5 Open Book + Smartwork Assignments

Mangrove trees are found along ________ shorelines.

A) tropical freshwater

B) tropical saltwater

C) temperate freshwater

D) temperate saltwater

E) tropical and temperate saltwater

B) tropical saltwater

Which type of wetland is noted for producing peat?

A) swamps

B) marshes

C)bogs and fens

D) estuaries

E) coastal areas

C) bogs and fens

The biome type that has lost the greatest percentage of its original area due to human activities is the

A) temperate conifer forest.

B) tropical rainforest.

C) temperate deciduous forest.

D) temperate grassland.

E) tropical grassland.

C) temperate deciduous forest.

Deserts are characterized by

A) an absence of vegetation

B) sand dunes, which cause plants to grow only with difficulty

C) low levels of measurable precipitation

D) their location at 30° latitude

E) sand or gravel

C) low levels of measurable precipitation

Humid tropical forests have extraordinary biological diversity

A) because of the very fertile tropical soils.

B) because rainfall dissolves soil nutrients and makes them available to plants.

C) despite a complete absence of nutrients in the environment.

D) despite the poor, weathered soils.

D) despite the poor, weathered soils.

The maple syrup industry that exists in the deciduous forest of Quebec and the northeastern U.S. will ______ as climate changes.

suffer

Which of the following is the best definition for the term biome?

A human-made habitat where everything is recycled and sustainable

Species with similar characteristics that live on different continents

A place where organisms live

Environments that have similar climate, growth patterns, and vegetation

Environments that have similar climate, growth patterns, and vegetation

Tropical moist forests all have abundant moisture and uniform _______________.

temperatures/temperature

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a tropical seasonal forest?

Drought-tolerant plant species

Dry year-round

Periodic rainfall

Vividly green during rainy months

Dry year-round

What is the difference between grasslands and savannas?

Savannas have a sparse tree cover in addition to the grass-covered areas.

What will likely happen to deciduous northeastern forests, that currently supply most of our maple syrup, in response to climate change?

The timing and amount of sap will be less reliable.

Deserts occur where ______.

precipitation is rare and unpredictable with usually less than 30 cm of rain per year

An ecological community with distinct temperature and precipitation patterns is called a(n) ________________.

biome.

Under what conditions do grasslands occur? They occur where ______.

there is enough rain to support abundant grass but not enough for forests

Common attributes of tropical moist forests include ample ______ and uniform ______.

rainfall; temperatures

Which of the following characteristics produce a temperate shrubland?

Cool, moist winters

Consistent precipitation all year

Heavy rainfall in summer

Cool temperatures all year

Hot season coincides with a dry season

Cool, moist winters

• Hot season coincides with a dry season

A community with drought-tolerant forest species, hot temperatures year-round, and low precipitation for most of the year except for periodic rain to support tree growth describes the ______ biome.

tropical seasonal forest

Deciduous temperate forests tend to occupy climates that are ______ than climates where there are coniferous temperature forests.

moister and more moderate in temperature

A grassland receives too little rain to support a forest. If the grassland starts to get enough rain to support a sparse tree cover, the grassland may transition into a ______ over time.

savanna

A taiga is ______.

the ragged edge of the boreal forest where it gives way to open tundra. Extreme cold and short summers lead to slow growth rates here

The biome that is defined by unpredictable and low (under 30 cm per year) precipitation rates is the __________ biome.

desert -

Select the best definition for the term tundra.

A treeless landscape occurring at high latitudes

The controlling factor in determining where grasslands will occur as a terrestrial biome is the ______.

amount of rain the region receives

Why are phytoplankton a key part of the marine ecosystem?

They form the base of the marine food web.

An area known for hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters would most likely be a ______ biome.

temperate shrubland

Because of the lack of nutrients, biological productivity is often low in ______.

the open ocean

Match the correct tree type to the best description.

Deciduous trees

Coniferous trees

Trees that are cone-bearing

Trees that lose their leaves seasonally

Deciduous trees—Trees that lose their leaves seasonally

Coniferous trees—Trees that are cone-bearing

True or false: Coral reefs are formed by plants.

False

In Russia, a boreal forest often mixes with open tundra to create what is known as the ______.

taiga

In Arizona, most birds gather in trees and bushes surrounding the few available rivers and streams. This behavior shows that ______.

freshwater ecosystems are important to the survival of some terrestrial species

The tundra has a growing season of only ______ months and can experience ______ at any time of the year.

two to three; frost

Bacteria that live in anoxic or low-oxygen conditions in marine sediments are ______ bacteria.

anaerobic

What organisms form the base of the marine ecosystem?

Phytoplankton

Vegetated land surfaces which are saturated or submerged in water for at least part of the year are called ______.

wetlands

How is marine productivity best described in the open ocean?

It can be described as a biological desert because of the low productivity.

Match the biome to the primary reason it is vulnerable to human activity.

Grasslands

Temperate forests

Temperate shrublands

Highly habitable

Rare

High productivity

Grasslands—High productivity

Temperate forests—Highly habitable

Temperate shrublands—Rare

Which of the following organisms have a symbiotic relationship and work together to form living reefs?

Fish, eels, and marine plankton

Plants and fungi

Echinoderms and chemosynthetic autotrophs

Colonial animals (coral polyps) and photosynthetic algae

Colonial animals (coral polyps) and photosynthetic algae

What is the main reason grasslands are one of the most disturbed biomes?

Grasslands tend to make good farmland.

Why are freshwater ecosystems biologically important?

Most terrestrial species rely on them for survival.

They support high levels of biodiversity.

Having been filled, drained, converted to farmland, or lost due to coastal erosion, the loss of ____________ worldwide has been extensive.

wetlands/wetland

What characteristic defines anaerobic bacteria?

They do not use oxygen (O₂).

Wetlands are shallow ecosystems in which the land surface is submerged in water ______.

at least part of the year

The biomes listed here are particularly vulnerable to human activity. Which one is so because its high productivity makes it economically valuable?

Temperate shrubland

Temperate forest

Estuary

Estuary

Why are temperate broadleaf forests the most completely human-dominated major biome?

Temperate broadleaf forests develop under conditions that are also ideal for human occupation, thus they are cleared for that purpose.

Migratory birds have suffered due to the loss of ____________ across the world because they have been drained and filled in for other land uses. The area covered by these ecosystems is half what it was 100 years ago in the U.S.

wetlands