Behavior Change Procedures

What is a positive reinforcement procedure?

Invovle the planned presentation of positive reinfrocers for the puropse of increase or maintaing a desired behavior in similar conditions

Grandma’s Law is referred to as:

Premack Principle

The different types of positive reinfrocers

premack principle, response deprivation, hypothesis, high probablity sequence, DRA, DRI, DRH, DRL , FCT, Shaping, Self Management

True or False: The client needs to experience immediate success

True

True or False: As Performance improves scehdules can be thinned

true

True of Flase; It is reinforcement if it is not delivered immediately.

False It is not rienforcement if it. is not delivered immediately

What are Negative Reinforcement Procedures

Planned removal of aversive stimuli for the purpose of increasing and maintaing desired behavior in similar coniditions

True or False Ethics Code 3.01 Is DO NO HARM TO THE CLIENTS

True

Differential reinforcement if alternative behavior (DRA)

establishes concurrent schedules of reinforcmenet

DRA

Reinforcement is delivered when an alternnative replacement behavior is emitted instead of problem behavior

True or false When reinforcement is not delivered when challenging behavior occurs, think extinction

True

DRA=

Concurrent Schedule of Reinforcement

Concurrent Schedule of reinforcement =

matching law

True or False: DRA is more likely to be successful if the alternative if the alternative beahvior contacts higher rates of reinforcement than the problem behavior

True

DRI

Two responses can’t be emitted at the same time

DRO

A procedure in which reinforcment is contigent on the nonocurrence of challenging behavior during an interval (Time baseD)

True or false : You can use DRO in areas of isolation

False YOU infact cannot

True or False: Thining reinforcement means increasing the DRO interval

True

2 types of DRO procedures

fized and variable

What does DRO help for?

Reducing challenging behaviors

A procedure and schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contigent on at or below a preestablished rate during a specific period of time

DRL

True or False: In DRL, the behavior is okay but needs to occur less often

true

Can you use DRL for dangerous behaviors

no!

Spaced Interval Responding

Reinforcement is delivered when responses are separated “spaced” by given a period of time or longer

True or False: You should only use spaced interval responding for gradually decreasing the rate/speed at which behavior is emitted

True

Full session DRL

The Entire session

Interval DRL

Breaking up a full session into intervals in which reinfrocement is delivered when the rate of the target behaivor is at a preestablished rate criterion or lower

DRD (Differential Reinforcement of diminishing rates of responding )

A procedure in which reinforcement is delievered when the target behavior occurs at a preestablished rate criterion or lower during specifici interval of time.

True or false: You use differential reinfocement of diminishing rates of responding for gradually decreasing and eliminating behaviors that occur to frequently

True

This works well in 1 on 1 settings, good for educational setting and is a a procedure and schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on emitting behaviors that are infrequent

Differential reinfrocement of high rate responding

Does noncontingent reinforcement matter of the time?

no

What is noncontingent reinforcement?

A contingency independent antecedant intervention for beahvior reduction, Reinforcement is dependent on the time.

Can you use noncontingent reinforcement for decreasing challenging behavior proactively and nonaversively?

yes

True or false: NCR reduces the target behaivor by saitating the clietn on free reinfrorcement

true

Conditioned reinforcers

neutral stimuli that have been paired with 1 or more unconditioned or conditioned reinfroces and as a result begin to function as reinforceers

GCRS: (Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer)

social praise, money, smiles

Token Economy

GCRS contingent on different desired behaviors which they can exchange for a menu of backup reinforcers

Example of GCRS

Snacks, freeplay, electtronic, games and trinkets

Backup reinforcers

Desired items and activities that a client can gain access to by exchanging the tokens that they earned

True or false: Errorless learning, Most to least prompting, delayed prompting and stimulus fading

True

True or false a stimulus is only a prompt if it evokes the desired/correct response

True

Fading Response Prompts

most to least, least to most and graduated guidance

Time delay prompting

simultaneously presents the natural SD and a response prompt after severall trials of correct responding, the trainers inserts a delay between the SD and the response prompts

3 term contigency

SD, Response, Consequence

SD=

Reinforcement is available

S Delta

Reinforcement is not available

4 term contingency

antecedant 1, antecedant 2, response, consequence

Shaping across response topographies

Use this for teaching novel behaviors shaping a terminal behavior by differentially reinforcing different response form approximations

“More” “Want more” “I want More” “ I want more please”

shaping across response topograhphies

Shaping within response topographies

The response form is not shaped it remains the same but some other measurable dimensions of beahvior changes ( rate, latency, duration, magnitude and volume)

Speaking at 100 too loud, speaking at a 90 less loud but still loud, speaking at 50 still too loud but closer

Shaping within response topographies

Behavior Chain

A specific sequence linked behaviors in which completed link serves as conditioned reinforcer fro the previous behavior is an SD for completing the next behavior

Four chaining methods

1. Forward chaining

2. Total task chaining

3. Backward chaining

4. backward chainig with leaps ahead

Forward Chaining

The first step of the behavior chaining using the learners repertoire. This takes a while to get to the terminal outcome

Backward Chaining

Teaching the components of a specific behavior chain with the exception of the last step

Teaching the last step as the 1st step

backward chaining

Total Task Chaining

Every step of the behavior chain is taught during session

Teaching a client who knows some of the steps in the behavior chain clients who have imitation skills and who can learn complete sentences at once

total task chaining

Backward chaining with leaps ahead

not every step in the task analysis needs to be trained

steps are only probed and if they are already in the client’s repitoire

Backward chaining with leaps ahead

Behavior chain with a limited hold

A behavior chain method that incorporates a specific time method