English - Yr 11

Techniques and how to answer analytical questions

Alliteration

The repetition of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

Allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

Anaphora

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of sentences

Aside

a line spoken by an actor to the audience but not intended for others on the stage

Connotation

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

Dialogue

Conversation

Ellipsis

three periods (…) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation

Enjambment

the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.

Stanza

a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse.

Epistrophe

the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences

Foreshadowing

the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot

Hyperbole

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Juxaposition

placing 2 elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast

Motif

A recurring theme, subject or idea

Oxymoron

a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction

Paradox

a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true

Refrain

A line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem.

Noun

A person, place, thing, or idea

Verb

An action word

inclusive pronoun

we/us/our

Exclusive pronoun

Isolates a person/subject: he/you.

Vignette

a short scene or story

Time connectives

Connectives that give a sense of time and sequence e.g. Then or Yesterday

em-dash

causes a pause, a time to reflect

Short answer

Need quotes & analysis, need cause and effect, need how the techniques show something

Olfactory imagery

smell

Auditory imagery

sound

Tactile imagery

touch

Gastronomical imagery

taste

Step 1

Read multiple times to understand meaning

Step 2

Break down the question to understand what's being asked of you

Step 3

Analyse, everything can be analysed

Step 4

Construct answer with evidence that leads to the argument and proves it

asyndeton

listing without using 'and'

Writing an analytical paragraph

cause and effect, make a judgement and evaluate on it, a point (topic sentence) that is linked to an idea

Creating a character

only use dialogue and descriptions on their movement if it moves the plot or gives insight that is important

Discursive writing needs

a thesis (focus on single topic), a conversational tone, humor, allusions (known references), anecdotes (personal experiences), orientation (beginning is important), and a conclusion (reflective and openminded)

Othello historical context

elizabethan society, based on tale written by Cintio in 1565

Othello social context

Great chain of being, England a monocultural country (white christians)

Othello cultural context

Shakespeare sets up opposites of christian and non

Othello

Odin

Cassio

Micheal

Iago

Hugo

Duke

‘Duke’ (coach)

Roderigo

Roger

Desdemona

Desi

Barbantio

Dean Brable

Emilia

Emily

Bianca

Brandy

Iago and Hugo

Iago has soliloquy’s, Hugo has voice overs and is usually shown in shadows to illustrate evil intent

Desmonda and Desi

Desi has more equality to speak up to Odin compaired to Desdemona, but is silent when raped

Themes in both othello and ‘o’

Trust, Love, Betrayal, Honesty, Jealousy, Appearance vs reality

Themes Othello has

Violence (sword), Pride, Racism, Reputation and Honour, Order and Chaos, Isolation

Themes ‘O’ has

Violence (guns), Pride and Reputation, Racism, Drugs use (steroids/cocaine), Peer Pressure, Manipulation, Isolation

Iago and Othello on same army

Hugo and Odin play on the same Basketball team

Othello is the only Moor among all white Venetians

The team is all white except for Odin

Iago is good friends with Othello and Othello trusts him

Hugo is Odin’s trusted friend

Iago becomes jealous when Cassio is promoted to lieutenant and wants revenge on both Cassio and Othello

Odin shares MVP award with Micheal but Hugo believes he deserves it and has jealousy against both of them

Heroes’ fall from grace (Othello)

Hits Desdemona in front of her relatives

Heroes’s fall from grace (‘O’)

Smashes basketball board and becomes aggressive

Othello kills Desdemona by smothering her

Odin kills Desi by strangling her

Iago stabs Cassio in the leg and kills Roderigo, Cassio survives

Hugo hits Micheal and shots at Roger, who in turn shoots Micheal in the leg

Iago stabs Emilia when she reveals the truth about the handkerchief

Hugo shoots Emily when she reveals the truth about the scarf

Othello stabs himself once he realises what he has done

Odin shoots himself once he realises what he has done

Framing in ‘O’

by Hugo’s voice

Motif in ‘O’

use of hawks and doves to illustrate thoughts of jealousy and ambition

Account for

state reasons for, report on

Give an account of

narrate a series of events or transactions.

Analyse

Identify components and the relationship between them, draw out and relate implications.

Apply

Use in a different, new or unfamiliar situation

Appreciate

Make a judgement about the value of.

Assess

Make a judgement of value, quality, outcomes, results or size.

Calculate

Ascertain/determine from given facts, figures or information.

Clarify

Make clear or plain.

Classify

Arrange or include in classes/categories.

Compare

Show how things are similar or different.

Construct

Make, build, put together items or arguments.

Contrast

Show how things are different or opposite.

Critically analyse

use interpretation and reasoning to assess a range of evidence and make judgements based on detailed analysis.

Critically evaluate

add a degree or level of accuracy, knowledge and understanding, logic, questioning, reflection and quality to evaluate.

Deduce

Draw conclusions.

Define

State meaning and identify essential qualities.

Demonstrate

Show by example.

Describe

Provide characteristics and features.

Discuss

Identify issues and provide points for and/or against.

Distinguish

Recognise or note/indicate as being distinct or different from, to note differences between.

Evaluate

Make a judgement based on criteria, determine the value of.

Examine

Inquire into.

Explain

Relate cause and effect, make the relationships between things evident, provide why and/or how.

Extract

Choose relevant and/or appropriate details.

Extrapolate

Infer from what is known.

Identify

Recognise and name.

Interpret

Draw meaning from.

Investigate

Plan, inquire into and draw conclusions about.

Justify

Support an argument or conclusion.

Outline

Sketch in general terms; indicate the main features of.

Predict

Suggest what may happen based on available information.

Propose

Put forward (for example a point of view, idea, argument, suggestion) for consideration or action.

Recall

Present remembered ideas, facts or experiences.

Recommend

Provide reasons in favour.