Anatomy Ch 8. Lesson 3

osteoporosis

excessive loss of bone matrix including calcium

osteomalacia

loss of calcium but not matrix, soft bones called rickets in children

osteomyelitis

bacterial infection of bone

fracture

any disruption in the continuity of a bone, from a small crack to a complete break

open fracture

(compound) breaks the skin

closed fracture

does not break the skin

complete fracture

fragments seperate completely

incomplete fracture

some fragments are still partially joined, greasestick in kids

comminuted fracture

many pieces, 3+

impacted fracture

bone fragments are driven into each other

linear fracture

parallel to bone’s long axis

transverse fracture

right angle to bone’s long axis (across)

oblique fracture

diagonal

spiral fracture

stripe like a candycane; twisted

compression fracture

bone is smashed into itself

how fractures heal

callus forms around injury to stabilize bone and aid in healing

sprain

stretching or tearing of ligaments when a joint is forced beyond normal range of motion

ICE

ice, compression, elevation

dislocation

when a bone is forced out of its normal position in the joint

arthritis

inflammation of the joint

osteoarthritis

degeneration of articular cartilage

rheumatoid arthritis

chronic inflammation, causes severe crippling

gout

sharp crystals form in the join, in big toe “whiskey toe”

sinusitis

inflammation of sinuses

sinus

hallow area in a bone lined with mucous membrane, drain into the nasal cavity

kyphosis postural defect

increased curve of the thoracic spine, or the thoracic spine is curved too much; “hunchback”

lordosis postural defect

increased curve of the lumbar spine, or the lumbar spine is curved too much; “swayback”

scoliosis postural defect

lateral curvature, or it curves to the side

herniated disk

when a disk bulges out

disk

cartilage filled with a gel between vertebrae