Elements in Algebra, Mathematics, Economics & Basic Engineering Sciences

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts in Algebra, Trigonometry, Statistics, and Basic Engineering Sciences.

Harmonic progression

A sequence of terms whose reciprocals form an arithmetic progression.

Matrix

An array of $m \times n$ quantities which represent a single number system composed of elements in rows and columns.

Dyadic number system

Another name for the binary number system, which uses the place value method with base $2$.

Rational number

A classification of numbers such as $0.123123123...$, which can be expressed as a ratio of integers.

MCMXCIV

The Roman numeral equivalent to the number $1994$.

Divergent series

A sequence of numbers where the succeeding term is greater than the preceding term.

Like terms

Terms that differ only in their numeric coefficients.

Argand diagram

A diagram commonly used in complex algebra to represent the complex plane.

Real number

The classification of the number $7 + 0i$.

Probability

The number of successful outcomes divided by the number of possible outcomes.

Representation of a two-digit number

A number with $x$ as its unit digit and $y$ as its tens digit, represented mathematically as $10y + x$.

Axiom

A statement of truth which is admitted without proof.

Hypothesis

The part of a theorem which is assumed to be true.

Corollary

A statement of truth which follows with little or no proof from a theorem.

Even symmetry

The type of symmetry a function $f(t)$ has when $f(t) = f(-t)$.

Number with four significant figures

An example of a number with four significant figures is $0.01414$.

Naperian logarithm base

The base of the Naperian logarithm, which is closest to $2.72$.

Sinusoid

A curve whose second derivative of its equation is equal to the negative of the equation of that same curve.

Law of cosines

The trigonometric law used to find the angle of a triangle when given only the lengths of the sides.

Signs of natural functions for angles between $90^\circ$ and $180^\circ$

For angles between $90^\circ$ and $180^\circ$, the cosine function is negative.

Convergent series

A sequence of decreasing numbers, or a sequence where the succeeding term is lesser than the preceding term.

Symmetric axiom

The algebraic axiom illustrated by the statement: if $a = b$, then $b = a$.

Probability of independent event $B$

For independent events $A$ and $B$, given $P(A) = P_a$ and $P(A \cap B) = P_{ab}$, the probability of event $B$ occurring is $\frac{P_{ab}}{P_a}$.

Equal equations

Two or more equations that are equal if and only if they have the same solution set.

Determinant of a square matrix with identical rows

In any square matrix, when the elements of any two rows are exactly the same, the determinant is zero.

Constant of variation

The ratio or product of two expressions in direct or inverse relation with each other.

Inverse natural function of the cosecant

Sine.

Ogive

The graphical presentation of a cumulative frequency distribution in a set of statistical data.

Arithmetic progression

A sequence of numbers such that the successive terms differ by a constant.

Histogram

A frequency curve composed of a series of rectangles constructed with the steps as the base and the frequency as the height.

Trivial solution

The classification of the roots of an equation when all the roots are zero.