Learn: lect 8 pt 6

How does the cartilage sponge analogy relate to cleaning a kitchen sponge?

A dirty sponge is put under water, filled with water, and squeezed out. The same kind of action happens to the cartilage.

What happens to cartilage if a joint stays immobile all day?

The cartilage cells are alive and continually creating waste, so without movement the cartilage starts sitting in its own waste.

What happens when you move the joint more?

The more you move, the more the cartilage takes up and lets go, takes up and lets go.

What else does increased movement do to the synovial membrane?

Increased movement also gets the synovial membrane to secrete more and uptake more, allowing it to do its exchange better.

Why is movement important for joints?

Movement is important because it helps refresh the fluid in the joint, brings in nourishment, and gets waste out of the cartilage.

Do joints need to be constantly mobile?

No. Relaxing joints is also a good thing to do. They do not need to be constantly mobile.

What kind of movement do joints need?

They need daily kind of movement to refresh the fluid in the joint and keep the cartilage happier and healthier.

What happens as a person becomes more sedentary?

The more sedentary we become, the more waste gets held in the joint, and the cartilage is sitting in its own waste.

What is a bursa sac?

A bursa sac is a little synovial-fluid-filled sac found in spaces around joints.

Where can bursa sacs be found?

They can be found between ligaments and other tissues, or between tendons and other tissues.

Where do bursa sacs sit around joints?

They sit between the tendons and ligaments and the bone.

Are bursa sacs distributed in only one location?

No. There are various distributions of bursa sacs around joints.

What is inside a bursa sac?

A bursa sac has a little bit of synovial fluid inside it.

What does a bursa sac provide between tissues?

It provides a little cushion, like a little pillow, between the tissues.

Why are bursa sacs needed when muscles contract and pull on bones?

Muscles contract and pull on bones, but not all of the tissues move in the same direction.

What can happen when a ligament or tendon moves independently of other tissues?

A ligament or tendon can move independently, and if it rubs against other tissues, it creates friction.

What does a bursa sac do to friction?

The synovial-fluid-filled bursa sac reduces friction between tissues and allows them to slip past one another.

What does a bursa sac provide protection against?

A bursa sac provides protection against friction.

What is the singular form of bursa?

Bursa is singular.

What is the plural form of bursa?

Bursae is plural.

What is the definition of a bursa according to the notes?

A bursa is a synovial-fluid-filled sac surrounding ligaments or lying between ligaments, tendons, and bones.

What is the function of a bursa?

It provides protection against friction.

What is the relationship between bones and ligaments?

Bones = ligaments.

What is the relationship between muscles and tendons?

Muscles = tendons.

What is the basic distinction between ligaments and tendons from the notes?

Bones = ligaments; muscles = tendons.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear on the joints.

What happens to joints with repeated movements in osteoarthritis?

Repeated movements wear the joints.

How common is osteoarthritis?

Most people will get it.

What happens to the cartilage in osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis destroys cartilage.

What happens to the bone when osteoarthritis destroys cartilage?

Bone grows.

What is the overall process of osteoarthritis shown in the notes?

Repeated movements wear the joints → cartilage is destroyed → bone grows.

Arthroplasty

Arthroplasty is listed in the notes as a treatment/procedure related to the joint after osteoarthritis.