Introduction to Criminal Justice System

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to the criminal justice system, as discussed in lecture notes.

What is the purpose of the Criminal Justice System (CJS)?

To prevent and respond to criminal behavior while ensuring the rights of victims and offenders are respected and communities are kept safe.

What are the two competing models of criminal justice?

The Crime Control Model, which prioritizes community protection and offender apprehension, and the Due Process Model, which prioritizes the legal rights of individuals.

What does the presumption of innocence imply in the CJS?

An accused person is considered innocent until proven guilty.

What is the burden of proof in criminal cases?

The Crown must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

What is discretion in the context of the criminal justice system?

The power or right to decide or act according to one’s own judgment, often leading to varied responses to similar situations.

What are task environments in the Criminal Justice System?

The cultural, geographic, and community settings in which criminal justice personnel operate and make decisions.

How does public trust affect the effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System?

Public trust and confidence are essential for the CJS to function effectively; moderate confidence exists among Canadians, with racialized groups showing higher levels of distrust.

What are the ethical considerations in the criminal justice system?

Ethics inform the decision-making processes in the CJS, especially when dealing with moral issues and grey areas that require judgment.

What is restorative justice?

A problem-solving approach focusing on involving victims, offenders, and the community in addressing the causes of criminal behavior and its consequences.

What is the difference between equality and equity in relation to the CJS?

Equality refers to providing the same opportunities for all, while equity acknowledges that different resources and considerations may be necessary based on individual circumstances.