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Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sounds
Allusion
A reference to another work of literature, person, or event
Analogy
A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way
Apostrophe
A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds
Cacophony
A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds
Conceit
a fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor
Connotation
all the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests
Consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds
Dissonance
Unpleasant or unharmonious sound
End rhyme
Rhyme that occurs at the end of two or more lines of poetry
Enjambment
the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.
Euphony
pleasant, harmonious sound
Exact rhyme
the repetition of the same stressed vowel sound as well as any consonant sounds that follow the vowel
Feminine rhyme
occurs when accented syllables in two words are followed by two unaccented syllables; also called double rhyme
Free verse
Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme
Internal rhyme
a rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next.
Juxtaposition
placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast
Masculine rhyme
a rhyme that matches up single syllables
Metaphor
A comparison without using like or as
Motif
A recurring theme, subject or idea
Onomatopoeia
A word that imitates the sound it represents.
Parallelism
similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
Paradox
a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true
Pathos
emotional appeal
Personification
the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea
Rhythm
Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables
Simile
A comparison using "like" or "as"
Slant rhyme
an approximate rhyme derived by substituting assonance or consonance for true rhyme
Stop rhyme
In poetry, a line ending in a full pause, often indicated by appropriate punctuation such as a period or semicolon
Ballad
a narrative poem with a refrain, usually about a single event and usually written in two or four-line stanzas
Couplet
Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme
Elegy
a sad or mournful poem
Epic
A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society
Epigram
a witty saying expressing a single thought or observation
Epithet
an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned.
Heroic couplet
a pair of lines rhyming lines written in iambic pentameter
Ode
a long and elaborate lyric poem, usually dignified or exalted in tone, and often written to praise someone or something or to mark a special occasion
Quatrain
a four-line stanza
Sestina
a fixed verse form consisting of six stanzas of six lines each, normally followed by a three-line envoi
Sonnet
a fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter
Stanza
a section or a division of a poem; specifically, a grouping of lines of poetry
Villanelle
a nineteen-line poem consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with a strict structure of repetition and rhyme scheme
Blank verse
Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter
Foot
the basic unit of rhythmic measurement in a line of poetry
Free verse
has no regular beat or meter, but rather depends on the individual poet's sensitivity to the rhythm of natural speech
Iamb
an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
Iambic pentameter
occurs in a ten-syllable line starting with alternating unstressed and stressed syllables throughout the line
Meter
the basic rhythmic structure of a line within a poem
Pentameter
a line of verse consisting of five metrical feet
Scansion
the action of examining a line of verse to determine its rhythm
Note
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