Unit 7- Urbanization Ex.

Reasons for social heterogeneity

Time space compression: D.C. seems much closer when I can hop on the Metro in Ashburn and take the train straight into D.C.

low threshold

convenience stores and gas stations

high threshold

restaurants, hospitals, department stores, major sports teams, performing arts centers, etc.

range

People will travel very far for high-order services such as wedding dresses and heart transplants

US and Canada CBD’s

skyscrapers and “underground cities” that might include facilities for parking, shopping, and rapid transit (subway system)

european CBD’s

located in the historic heart of the city, where buildings are shorter, but services are still concentrated

urban infill

many suburbs in loudoun county

multiple nuclei model

A university may attract well educated residents, pizza delivery restaurants, and bookstores, An airport may attract hotels and warehouses

galactic model

 Tysons Corner along I-495 outside of Washington, D.C.

us sprawl

Atlanta now covers over 8,300 square miles and contains 6 million people. In contrast, many cities in other parts of the world are much smaller in physical size.

megalopolis

the string of cities that runs from Boston through New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore to Washington, D.C

world cities

New York, London, Tokyo, and Paris

nodal cities

cities such as Denver (Colorado) Phoenix (Arizona), or Minneapolis (Minnesota) are not as influential as world cities, but they possess significant power within a region of a country

rank-size rule

if Alpha City is the third largest city in the country of Betaland, Alpha City will be approximately 1/3 the size of the largest city in Betaland.

higher order services

major sports teams, large malls, luxury car dealerships, and large specialized research hospitals

lower order services

gas stations, local grocery stores, or small restaurants

primate city

United kingdom and london

municipal

A mayor and a city council and the local water supply

environmental injustice

a neighborhood in Los Angeles located next to an oil refinery. Almost 90% of the town’s population is Hispanic.

slow growth cities

Boulder, Colorado and Portland, Oregon