Dental Anatomy / Embryology Exam 1

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63 Terms

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Pre embryonic period

From the time of fertilization through week 2 of gestation

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Embryonic period

From week 3 through 8 of gestation

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Fetal period

From week 9 through 36 of gestation

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What forms the three germ layers of the body?

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

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What layer forms the teeth, skin, fingernails, eye tissues, and so on?

Ectoderm

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What layer gives rise to muscle, blood vessels, lymphatic, connective tissue, bone, and cartilage?

Mesoderm

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What layer develops into the respiratory epithelium, digestive system, liver, pancreatic, and other glands?

Endoderm

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The early fractures of the face can be seen developing by

the embryonic age of 3 weeks

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When the embryo is about 3 weeks old the length measures approximately?

3 to 4 mm from the top of the head to the tail area

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Pharyngeal arches

Development tissue in the upper throat areas from which a number of structures in that region develop. (“U” - shaped bars of tissue.)

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The open end of the “U” faces

posteriorly and surrounds the upper end of the foregut and part of the primitive oral cavity

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Eventually six of these arches will develop;

The ones closest to the head are the largest and those father down are smaller size

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which forms the digestive tube from the throat region to the duodenum and its the upper part?

Foregut

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Which forms the rests of of the small intestine as well as the cecum, ascending colon, and most of the transverse colon and it’s the middle portion?

Midgut

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Which forms the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum of the large intestine and it’s the lower portion?

Hindgut

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What week does the membrane starts to closing off the top of the foregut disintegrates?

During the latter part of week 4

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This connects the tube with the primitive oral cavity, which is a depression known as blank and forms the oral cavity and the oral pharynx.

Stomodeum

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At about week 7, the bottom end of the tube fuses and disintegrates and becomes the

Anal and urethral openings

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What membrane is found in the location that will become the region between the palatine tonsils and an area about two-thirds of the way back from the tip of the tongue?

Oropharyngeal membrane

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When does the oropharyngeal membrane breaks down and connects between the oral cavity and digestive tract is established?

Beginning of week 4

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The facial development can be visualized using five facial process/prominences that surround the oral cavity that includes?

Paired mandibular process, paired maxillary process, and frontonasal prominence.

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Upper two pharyngeal arches, numbered with Roman numerals I and II, are also known

the mandibular arch and the hyoid arch.

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What arch begins to show growth from the upper surface of the posterior end of the arch and will become the maxillary process?

Mandibular arch

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What process can be subdivided?

Mandibular process below and maxillary process above

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which form the hard palate in the roof of the mouth?

zygomatic bones of the cheek and the palatine bones

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In the anterior (frontal) view of a 3-week embryo, note the forehead area, known as the

Frontonasal prominence

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Two small depressions form low on the frontonasal prominence; these are the (beginning of nasal cavities)

Nasal pits

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The areas on either side of these nasal pits begin to form a ridge and become the

Medial nasal process and the lateral nasal process

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What week the two medial nasal processes have fused to each other and to the two maxillary processes to form the upper lip?

By week six

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What nasal process takes no part in forming the upper lip; it gets pushed up and out of the way?

Lateral nasal process

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What processes begin to fuse at their lower end, and that connection then starts to form perforations in it

Medial nasal and maxillary process

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What flows into this groove and begins to fill in the area that lies between these perforations?

Connective tissue

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There is an increase in the connective tissue of the upper lip around the groove, and the groove fills in and slowly disappears (movement)?

Migration

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If the migration fails

The tissues will lack the ability to stretch as development continues; the resulting breakage will lead to a separation between the medial nasal process and maxillary process.

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The separation can be the result of ectoderm becoming trapped between fusing medial nasal and maxillary process preventing fusion to occur know as

Clef lip

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If clef lift occurs it takes about?

Week six of embryonic development (after fertilization of the ovum)

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What week begins the formation of palate or roof of the mouth?

During week 5

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The early developing part of the hard palate that comes from the medial nasal process and forms a V-shaped wedge of tissue that runs from the incisive foramen forward and laterally between the lateral incisors and canines of the maxilla.

Primary palate

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Hard and soft palates; develops from the maxillary process, it begins during week 6, with the growth of the medial nasal processes into the primary palate

Secondary palate

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What occurs next is the breakdown of the contacting epithelial layers of the palatal shelves because of the influence of chemicals produced by the epithelial cells. (shelf flows together)

Fusion

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Epithelium-lined sac of fluid that may grow to varying sizes.

Cyst

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Cyst that forms between the maxillary lateral incisor and canine.

globulomaxillary cyst

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Cyst that forms along lines of fusion of palatal shelves of maxillae.

Median palatine cyst

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two maxillary processes fuse with the primary palate during weeks

7 to 8 and then fuse with one

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If a cleft palate were to develop, it will occur between weeks (after fertilization)

7 and 12

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What occurs in about 1 in 700 births among Caucasians in the United States.

Cleft lip and palate

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For African Americans in the United States?

the rate is about 1 in 2000

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It is more frequent in Asians,

At about 3 in 2000

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What involves lack of connective tissue migration between one maxillary process and the fused medial nasal processes

Unilateral cleft lip

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Clef lip and cleft plate can be treated?

Surgically

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What cleft surgery is encouraged as early as the first few months after birth?

Cleft lip

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The purpose of the cleft lip surgery done early age?

No negative recollection of the surgical treatment, and the patient is not usually traumatized by the surgery

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What creates psychological problems and opens the door to harassment by other children.

Speech impediment

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If there is any family history of clefts

It will likely occur with greater frequency in the family than in a family without a history.

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If a pregnant woman uses specific types of drugs, smokes, drinks alcohol, or is in an environment that has potentially damaging pollutants in the air or water, her child may have a greater risk of suffering

birth defects, such as clefts.

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The external bulges in the future neck region are known as

pharyngeal arches

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The depressions on the neck surface are known as

pharyngeal grooves

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areas between the grooves are known as

pharyngeal pouches

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Fifth cranial nerve (V); supplies motor control to the muscles of mastication and sensation to the teeth, oral cavity, and face.

Trigeminal nerve

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An endocrine gland, and so eventually, after reaching its location in the neck, it will lose its duct and become an endocrine gland.

Thyroid gland

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the tongue is too small for the mouth it results in a condition known (can cause eating and speech problems)

microglossia

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If the tongue is too large, it results in a condition known (difficulties with speech, eating, and breathing and may required surgery and speech therapy)

Macroglosssia

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Another condition that can cause speech problems of the tongue is (tongue tied)

ankyloglossia