9/4/26 Neuroanatomy 2 UNFINISHED

what are neurites?

projections from the cell body of a neuron (dendrites and axon)

describe the characteristics of a dendrite

thick, cone shape, short, branch

which neurite has a myelin sheath? what are gaps called

axons with gaps called nodes of ranvier

do axons branch

sometimes at right angles

what is the starting point of the axon?

axon hillock

what is the axon proper?

the main, long part of the axon

can axons protein synthesize?

no because there are not enough ribosomes

can dendrites protein synthesize?

yes they have ribosomes

what is the end of the axon

the axon terminal

what is the point of near-contact

the synapse

what direction is anterograde?

towards the terminal (kinesin)

what direction is retrograde

towards the soma (dynein)

what are tract tracing techniques used for

trace the path of axons

anterograde traces…

towards the terminal (kinesin)

retrograde traces…

towards the soma (dynein)

does the cerebral cortex talk to the cerebellum

indirectly via the pontine nuclei

cognitive disabilities can be caused by…

lack or abnormal shape of dendritic spines

what type golgi are pyramidal cells

golgi type 1

what golgi type are stellate cells

golgi type 2

what kind of neurons are found in the brain and spine

interneurons

where is the sensory neuron found? what is its shape?

pns, unipolar

what is the shape of a interneuron?

multipolar

what is the shape of a motor neuron?

multipolar

do pyramidal cells have spines

yes

what is the ratio of glial cells to neurons

1:5

what is the function of glial cells?

provide structural and metabolic support to neurons

oligodendrocytes

create myelin sheaths around axons in CNS

schwann cells

create myelin sheaths around axons in PNS

microglia

respond to injury or disease in CNS

astrocytes

control microenvironment in CNS

what is the largest glia? shape?

astrocytes, star shaped

what do satellite cells do, shape?

control microenviornment in PNS, flat shape

where do schwann cells myelinate?

one part of one neuron

satellite cells contact how many neurons

one

similarities of astrocytes and satellite cells

maintain proper chemical state outside neurons, send glucose to neurons

what is tripartite synapses?

what can astrocytes do

control blood flow to neurons, form a barrier to unwanted substances entering the CNS

do microtubules extend into the axon terminal

no