✅️✅️1 - Introduction & Common Integument

anatomy

Study of the structure and shape of the body

systemic anatomy

Study of the structures that make up a body system.

body system

A group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function

topographic anatomy

The body is studied based on regions and the relations of the structures contained in that region

anatomical position

The position of the body with the four limbs touching the ground, the neck extended and the head oriented forward

dorsal

_____ recumbency

sternal/ventral

_____ recumbency

lateral

_____ recumbency

dorsal

-Refers to the "top" of the head, neck, trunk & tail

-Describes the "front" or "top" surface of the limb from the carpus or the tarsus distally (to the toes)

ventral

The "underside" of the head, neck, trunk and tail (toward the belly)

cranial

-Toward the head

-Describes "front" surface of limbs, proximal to the carpus and tarsus

caudal

-Toward the tail

-Describes "back" surface of limbs, proximal to the carpus and tarsus

dorsal

#1?

plantar

#2?

plantar

#3?

manus

[Manus/pes] is associated with the thoracic limb

pes

[Manus/pes] is associated with the pelvic limb

dorsal

#1?

palmar

#2?

palmar

#3?

medial

Toward the middle line

right lateral

Toward the right side

left lateral

Toward the left side

proximal

Applied in limbs is the direction toward the body

distal

Applied in the limbs is the direction against the body

axial

Refers to the structures/surfaces that looks toward the axis

abaxial

The structures/surfaces that point to the opposite direction of the axis

axial

#2/#4?

abaxial

#1/#3?

median plane

Divides the head, neck, trunk and the tail into equal right and left halves

sagittal plane

Passes through the head, neck, trunk, tail or limb parallel to the median plane

transverse plane

Transects the head, neck, body, or limb perpendicular to its own long axis

dorsal plane

-Runs at right angles to the median and transverse planes, dividing the body or head into dorsal and ventral portions, and the limbs into dorsal and palmar or plantar.

-Parallel to the dorsal surfaces of head, neck, trunk, manus or feet

sagittal plane

What type of section is indicated by the arrow?

median plane

What type of section is indicated by the arrow?

rostral

Toward the nose, only used in the head region (red arrow)

caudal

Toward the tail (blue arrow)

internal

Within a body cavity (yellow arrow)

external

Outside a body cavity (blue arrow)

reviewed

Review

skin (cutis)

Includes cutaneous glands, hair, tactile hair, cornified portions of horns & antlers, cornified portions of claws & hoof

subcutaneous tissue (tela subcutanea)

Includes subcutaneous fascia and adipose tissue, subcutaneous muscles, nerves, superficial veins and arterioles

deep

-Toward the center of an organ, body cavity, or structure

-_____ to the deep fascia

superficial

-Away from the center of an organ or structure

-_____ to the deep fascia

deep fascia

What are the black arrows pointing to?

superficial fascia

- Loose CT connecting the dermis of the skin to deeper structures

- Contains cutaneous muscles, glands, fat, vessels, etc

deep fascia

-Stronger and denser layer of CT that more closely invests muscles or groups of muscles

-Very well developed in certain areas& important clinically

common integument

Skin (cutis) + subcutaneous tissue (tela subcutanea) = ?

sagittal

This is a _____ plane

because the cut is right in the middle of the nasal septum, which divides the 2 nasal cavities)

How do we know this is a medial plane?

limbs

Most of the time, "proximal" is applied to what part of the body?

proximal

Closer to the trunk

distal

Further from the trunk

can not

We [can/can not] use "medial" and "lateral" when it comes to the digits.

90

The transverse plane is _____ degrees to the long axis of a structure

rostral

The nose is _____ to the eye

internal

The brain is _____ to the cranial cavity

external

The temporal muscle is _____ to the cranial cavity