Anatomy basics lutfi

define the three possible sections of the limbs to cut:

oblique, transverse, longitudinal

describe A person in the anatomical position:

1. is standing erect or lying supine (on one’s back) as if erect, with head, eyes, and toes directed anteriorly (forward)

2. 2. Has upper limbs by the sides with palms facing anteriorly

3. 3. Has lower limbs together with the feet directed anteriorly

what is the lithotomy position used for? describe the position.

a supine position of the body with the legs flexed separated, somewhat abducted, and supported in raised stirrups. (used for gynocological and rectal exams and giving birth.)

what are the three (four if you count the middle one) anatomical planes ? show them on yourself.

Median plane: midsagittal, vertical, longitudinal

Sagittal planes: vertical, parallel to median plane

Coronal planes: frontal, vertical, at right angles to median plane

Horizontal planes: transverse, at right angles to the median and coronal planes

the lips are ________ to the chin

superior

the skin is ________ to the muscle

superficial

the ascending aorta is _____ to the sternum

deep

the quadriceps muscle is _____ between the skin and the femur

intermediate

the 5th digit (little finger) is on the ______ side of the hand

medial

the first digit (thumb) is on the _______ side of the hand

lateral

the hamstring is _______ to the quadraceps

posterior

the fingernails are on the _____ surface of the hand

dorsal surface

the palm of the hand is on the ____ surface of the hand

palmar

the toenails are on the ______ surface of the foot

dorsal surface

when you walk normally, the surface of your foot that touches the ground is the _________

plantar surface.

the knees are_______ to the vagina

caudal (or interior)

the eyes are _______ to the mandible bone.

cranial or superior

the elbow is ______ to the wrist

proximal

the most _________ part of the upper limb are the finger tips.

distal

where is subchondral tissue ?

smooth bone tissue that makes up the end of bones that directly articulate to cartilage.

what is the difference between the diaphysis and the epiphysis of the bone?

the diaphysis is the long part of the bone while the epiphysis is the nubby end of the bone.

where is the iliac crest? what is a crest of a bone

on the most caudal and lateral part of the ilium of the pelvis. a crest is a prominent ridge on the bone.

where is the infraspinous fossa? what is a fossa of a bone?

A fossa is a shallow depression in or on a bone. it covers the medial two thirds of the posterior face of the scapula.

where is the spinous process of the vertebra ? what is the function of the spinous process?

it is on the posterior side of each vertebra of the spine and it serves as an attachment point for the stabilizing muscles of the back.

moving your hand so its on your abdomen with your elbow at 90degrees is what type of movement to your shoulder joint?

medial rotation of the shoulder joint

moving your shoulder or hip joint all the way around in a circle is called?

circumduction

“Hector Loves Isabel Every Unceasing Hour.” means what?

R/L hypochondriac region , R/L Lumbar region, R/L inguinal region, epigastric , umbilical, hypogastric.

what are langer’s lines and why are they important

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: • Knowing the direction of Langer's lines within a specific area of the skin is important for surgical operations, particularly cosmetic surgery. • If a surgeon has a choice about where and in what direction to place an incision, he or she may choose to cut in the direction of Langer's lines.

what is a dermatome?

A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by the sensory fibers of a single dorsal root through the dorsal and ventral rami of its spinal nerve.

how many spinal nerves need to blocked to fully anesthetize a dermatome ?

3! Three contiguous spinal nerves need to be blocked in order to achieve proper anesthesia of the skin segment because the dermatomes overlap with adjacent.

where is the T4 Dermatome?

nipple

where is the T10 Dermatome?

navel (umbilicus) aka belly button

where is the T12 Dermatome?

T12 is just above the pubic area making a U shape on the very lowest part of the abdomen.

where is the L5 Dermatome?

hallux

where is the C7 Dermatome?

middle finger

where is the C8 dermatome?

little finger

Herpes zoster; Acute Posterior Ganglionitis can be localized to the area of a ?

dermatome supplied by peripheral sensory nerves arising in the afferent root ganglia.

the superficial fascia is composed of loose CT and fat and is between what?

between the dermis and the deep fascia