26/6/2025- Cam 14 - The secret of staying young

https://chatgpt.com/share/685e31c9-2ebc-8012-8346-351ccd018919

native

A person born in a particular place

resident, local, aboriginal, indigenous, inhabitant, dweller, born, citizen

He is a native of Hanoi. Anh ấy là người bản địa ở Hà Nội.

Someone originally from a place

native speaker, native culture Use in Speaking Part 1 when talking about hometown.

ant

Small insect living in colonies

insect, bug, worker, creature, tiny pest, colony member, forager, scavenger

Ants build complex tunnels. Kiến xây những đường hầm phức tạp.

A social insect living in groups

ant colony, ant nest Useful in Writing Task 2 on environment topics.

immortal

Never dying or decaying

eternal, undying, everlasting, deathless, timeless, infinite, unending, divine

The legend of the phoenix is immortal. Truyền thuyết về phượng hoàng là bất tử.

Living forever

immortal soul, immortal fame Good for Writing Task 2 about myths, beliefs.

aging

Process of growing old

maturing, getting old, senescence, degeneration, seniority, decline, graying, withering

Aging affects memory. Quá trình lão hóa ảnh hưởng đến trí nhớ.

Becoming older

aging process, aging population Common in Task 2 topics on demographics.

youngster

A young person or ant

child, kid, adolescent, youth, minor, teen, juvenile, offspring

The youngsters played in the field. Những đứa trẻ chơi trên cánh đồng.

A young individual

rebellious youngster, talented youngster Use in Speaking/Task 2: Education.

sharp

Intelligent or quick-witted

smart, bright, clever, alert, brilliant, quick, witty, perceptive

She is a sharp student. Cô ấy là học sinh thông minh.

Mentally quick

sharp mind, sharp answer Useful in Speaking/Task 1: Personal qualities.

decline

A decrease or deterioration

fall, drop, weaken, reduce, lessen, fade, dwindle, degrade

The economy is in decline. Nền kinh tế đang suy giảm.

A downward trend

economic decline, health decline Use in Writing Task 1 & 2 (Graphs/Problems).

thesis

A long academic paper

dissertation, paper, report, study, essay, treatise, argument, composition

He is writing a thesis on biology. Anh ấy đang viết luận văn về sinh học.

A formal written research work

thesis statement, doctoral thesis Essential for Writing Task 2 planning.

defying

Openly resisting or disobeying

disobeying, resisting, challenging, opposing, breaking, flouting, ignoring, violating

He was defying the rules. Anh ta đang chống lại các quy tắc.

Going against authority

defy orders, defy gravity Good in Task 2 about laws/society.

feat

An achievement requiring courage or skill

achievement, accomplishment, triumph, success, victory, deed, exploit, stunt

Climbing Everest is a great feat. Leo Everest là một thành tích vĩ đại.

A notable achievement

heroic feat, impressive feat Use in Speaking/Task 2 when describing experiences.

rare

Not common or frequent

uncommon, unusual, infrequent, exceptional, unique, limited, occasional, atypical

It's rare to see snow here. Hiếm khi có tuyết ở đây.

Not happening often

rare disease, rare occasion Useful for emphasizing points in Task 2.

naked

Without clothes

nude, unclothed, bare, exposed, stripped, undressed, uncovered, raw

He ran naked in the rain. Anh ta chạy trần truồng dưới mưa.

Without covering

naked truth, naked eye Use idiomatically in essays or speaking.

mole

Small blind animal living underground

rodent, burrower, digger, pest, mammal, underground dweller, blind animal, furball

Moles dig tunnels underground. Chuột chũi đào đường hầm dưới đất.

An underground animal

mole hill, mole activity Less common word – good for Academic Reading/Vocab.

stay fit

Maintain physical fitness

keep fit, keep in shape, stay healthy, remain active, be well, exercise, train, maintain form

I jog to stay fit. Tôi chạy bộ để giữ dáng.

Maintain body health

stay fit routine, tips to stay fit Useful in Speaking Part 1 – Hobbies/Health.

reproduce

To produce offspring

breed, multiply, procreate, replicate, spawn, generate, clone, yield

Rabbits reproduce quickly. Thỏ sinh sản nhanh.

To create new life or copies

reproduce cells, reproduce quickly Academic Word – useful in Science-related tasks.

cancer

Serious disease from abnormal cell growth

tumor, malignancy, carcinoma, growth, disease, affliction, illness, sickness

Cancer can be deadly. Ung thư có thể gây tử vong.

Uncontrolled cell growth

cancer patient, cancer research Very common in IELTS Reading/Listening health topics.

vast

Extremely large

huge, enormous, massive, immense, expansive, giant, tremendous, boundless

A vast desert stretches before us. Một sa mạc rộng lớn trải dài trước mặt.

Very wide or extensive

vast amount, vast area Great for Writing Task 2 (global issues).

majority

More than half

most, bulk, mass, plurality, predominance, crowd, generality, main part

The majority voted yes. Đa số đã bỏ phiếu đồng ý.

More than 50%

majority of students, majority opinion Useful in Task 2 (statistics, trends).

deteriorate

Become worse over time

decline, worsen, degrade, weaken, fall apart, diminish, regress, collapse

His health deteriorated quickly. Sức khỏe anh ấy xấu đi nhanh chóng.

To fall into poor condition

deteriorating condition, deteriorate rapidly Formal – ideal in Writing Task 2.

creature

A living being

animal, organism, being, insect, beast, lifeform, entity, critter

Strange creatures live in the deep sea. Những sinh vật kỳ lạ sống dưới biển sâu.

Any living organism

sea creature, mythical creature Use in academic topics like biodiversity.

colonies

Groups of animals/plants living together

group, community, society, settlement, population, cluster, collective, band

Ant colonies are well-organized. Các đàn kiến rất có tổ chức.

Social group of same species

insect colony, colonial structure Common in Listening/Reading about animals.

complexity

The state of being complicated

intricacy, complication, difficulty, elaborateness, obscurity, density, maze, confusion

The complexity of the problem is high. Vấn đề này rất phức tạp.

Difficult to understand or solve

mental complexity, system complexity Great for high-band Writing Task 2.

trait

A characteristic or quality that distinguishes a person or thing

attribute, feature, characteristic, quality, personality, aspect, nature, hallmark

Honesty is a positive trait. Trung thực là một đặc điểm tốt.

A specific feature

personality trait, genetic trait Use in Speaking about self-description.

by contrast

Showing a difference from something else

alternatively, on the other hand, conversely, in comparison, as opposed to, instead, differently, oppositely

She is calm. By contrast, her brother is aggressive. Cô ấy điềm tĩnh, trái lại anh trai cô ấy thì hung hăng.

On the other hand

by contrast with, draw contrast Linking phrase for Writing Task 2.

fruit fly

A small insect that feeds on fruit or decay

small fly, pest, drosophila, bug, insect, scavenger, gnat, dipteran

Fruit flies swarm over bananas. Ruồi giấm bay quanh quả chuối.

Insect feeding on fruit

fruit fly experiment Appears in academic readings or biology contexts.

isolated

Far away or separated from others

lonely, alone, separated, remote, friendless, solitary, detached, excluded

He felt isolated in the new school. Anh ấy cảm thấy cô lập trong trường mới.

Cut off or alone

isolated area, socially isolated Common in Task 2 on mental health or technology.

lab

A place where scientific research is conducted

laboratory, workroom, test center, clinic, research facility, workshop, science room, lab space

They worked in a biology lab. Họ làm việc trong phòng thí nghiệm sinh học.

Science workroom

lab experiment, lab technician Academic context in Listening & Reading.

typically

Usually or normally

commonly, normally, generally, regularly, traditionally, routinely, naturally, habitually

Children typically sleep 8 hours. Trẻ em thường ngủ 8 tiếng mỗi đêm.

In a usual manner

typically found, typically occur Good adverb for Writing Task 1.

range

A variety or scope

variety, series, span, collection, selection, assortment, scope, spectrum

A wide range of products is available. Có nhiều loại sản phẩm khác nhau.

Extent or selection

wide range, range of services Useful in Task 1 charts and comparisons.

estimate

A rough calculation or judgment

assess, appraise, value, guess, calculate, judge, gauge, forecast

They estimated the cost at $1000. Họ ước tính chi phí là 1000 đô.

Make an approximate judgment

estimate value, price estimate Common in Writing Task 1 and economics topics.

track

To follow the movement or progress

follow, pursue, trace, chase, monitor, shadow, hunt, observe

Scientists tracked the bird’s migration. Các nhà khoa học theo dõi hành trình di cư của loài chim.

To observe continuously

track progress, track a path Useful verb in science or tech descriptions

pupa

Stage in insect development before adult

chrysalis, cocoon, insect stage, metamorphosis phase, shell, transformation stage, case, nymph

A butterfly develops from a pupa. Bướm phát triển từ giai đoạn nhộng.

Inactive insect stage

pupa stage, insect pupa Academic Reading/Biology topics.

watch

To observe attentively

observe, view, see, monitor, examine, look at, check, inspect

Watch the experiment closely. Hãy quan sát kỹ thí nghiệm.

Pay close attention

watch closely, watch carefully Use in Listening test strategies.

colony

A group living together (animals or plants)

group, settlement, community, population, society, cluster, troop, collective

An ant colony can have thousands. Một đàn kiến có thể có hàng ngàn con.

Animal or insect society

ant colony, bird colony Useful in environmental or biology topics.

attend to

To deal with or take care of

handle, deal with, manage, look after, focus on, serve, care for, address

He attended to his emails. Anh ấy xử lý các email của mình.

Take care of something

attend to needs, attend to duties Formal tone for Writing Task 2.

carry

To be pregnant

be pregnant, be expecting, bear, gestate, be with child, hold fetus, conceive, nurture

She is carrying twins. Cô ấy đang mang thai song sinh.

Be in pregnancy

carry a child, carry to term Topic: health, reproduction.

telltale

Clearly showing or revealing something

revealing, showing, exposing, divulging, indicative, apparent, noticeable, disclosing

The telltale signs of stress are visible. Những dấu hiệu rõ ràng của căng thẳng có thể thấy rõ.

Giving away a secret or clue

telltale sign, telltale mark Use in Reading inference questions.

scent

A smell, especially one left by animals

smell, odor, fragrance, aroma, perfume, trace, essence, trail

Dogs can track scent. Chó có thể lần theo mùi.

Smell trail of an animal

scent trail, scent of prey Biology or animal behavior topics.

trail

A path or track

path, track, route, trace, line, way, footprint, course

The trail led into the forest. Lối mòn dẫn vào rừng.

A visible route or sign

hiking trail, scent trail Good for describing nature in Speaking.

react to

Respond to something

respond, reply, answer, retort, act, reply, return, acknowledge

He reacted badly to criticism. Anh ấy phản ứng tiêu cực với lời phê bình.

To act in response to something

react quickly, react emotionally Use in opinion essays.

prey

An animal hunted by another

victim, quarry, hunted, target, game, kill, food, creature

Lions hunt their prey at night. Sư tử săn mồi vào ban đêm.

Animal being hunted

prey animal, natural prey Appears in Reading/Listening (wildlife).

tether

To tie something securely

tie, fasten, secure, attach, rope, bind, restrain, anchor

The horse was tethered to a tree. Con ngựa bị buộc vào gốc cây.

To limit movement using a tie

tether to post, tether animal Use in Listening with instructions.

poorly

In a bad or disappointing manner

badly, weakly, unsatisfactorily, ineffectively, sadly, inefficiently, terribly, disappointingly

He performed poorly on the test. Anh ấy làm bài thi rất tệ.

Below expectations

perform poorly, poorly designed Useful in Writing Task 2 criticisms.

caretaker

A person who looks after someone or something

guardian, nurse, helper, nanny, parent, protector, watcher, supervisor

She’s the caretaker of her grandmother. Cô ấy chăm sóc bà của mình.

Someone responsible for care

school caretaker, elderly caretaker Speaking/Task 2 family and social care topics.

counterpart

A person or thing corresponding to another

equivalent, peer, match, colleague, twin, partner, equal, opposite

The French PM met his U.S. counterpart. Thủ tướng Pháp gặp người đồng cấp Mỹ.

Equivalent in another role

female counterpart, business counterpart Good for formal essay comparisons.

aggressively

In a forceful or violent manner

violently, forcefully, intensely, angrily, fiercely, offensively, threateningly, actively

He shouted aggressively. Anh ta la hét một cách hung hăng.

With hostile energy

act aggressively, aggressively market Useful for tone or attitude in Writing/Speaking.

flare

To widen nostrils out of anger

widen, expand, open, distend, puff, swell, spread, lift

He flared his nostrils in anger. Anh ta phồng mũi vì tức giận.

Sudden expression of emotion

nostrils flare, temper flare Descriptive detail for storytelling.

mandible

The jawbone of an animal or insect

jaw, mouth, jawbone, beak, snout, bite, mouthpiece, lower jaw

The insect used its mandibles to bite. Côn trùng dùng hàm dưới để cắn.

Jaw of an insect or animal

insect mandible, broken mandible Biology-related listening/reading topics.

identify

To recognize or name something

find, recognize, spot, name, determine, classify, detect, distinguish

Can you identify the culprit? Bạn có thể nhận dạng thủ phạm không?

Point out correctly

identify problem, identify person Task 2 – Analysis essays.

specific

Clearly defined or identified

particular, precise, defined, clear, exclusive, distinct, definite, exact

He gave specific instructions. Anh ấy đưa ra chỉ dẫn cụ thể.

Narrowly focused

specific reason, specific example Use in essay examples and instructions.

function

The purpose or role of something

purpose, role, job, use, responsibility, duty, utility, operation

The heart’s function is to pump blood. Chức năng của tim là bơm máu.

What something is used for

primary function, serve a function Ideal for science topics and formal writing.

structure

The arrangement or organization of parts

constitute, construct, form, build, shape, framework, system, composition

The structure of the essay is clear. Cấu trúc của bài luận rất rõ ràng.

How something is built or formed

sentence structure, bone structure Common in Writing Task 2 & Academic Reading.

process

To handle or deal with something

handle, manage, deal with, treat, proceed, operate, work through, conduct

The brain processes information quickly. Não xử lý thông tin rất nhanh.

Manage or treat systematically

thought process, data processing Useful in science and logic-based IELTS topics.

density

The amount of something in a specific area

intensity, concentration, extent, degree, compactness, thickness, mass, volume

Population density is high in cities. Mật độ dân số ở thành phố rất cao.

Measure of how crowded something is

population density, high density Appears often in Writing Task 1 charts.

synaptic

Related to the connections between nerve cells

neural, nerve-related, brain-linked, junctional, biological, electrochemical, neurological, cognitive

Synaptic activity increases with learning. Hoạt động khớp thần kinh tăng khi học tập.

Related to brain cell communication

synaptic connection, synaptic plasticity Common in science reading.

complex

Emotionally complicated, or made of many parts

emotional issue, system, network, problem, disorder, web, structure, confusion

She has a complex about her appearance. Cô ấy có một nỗi lo về ngoại hình.

Difficult or made of many parts

complex system, inferiority complex Academic & psychological contexts.

region

A specific area or part of the world

area, zone, place, district, section, territory, province, locality

This region is known for its wine. Khu vực này nổi tiếng với rượu vang.

A geographical or functional area

coastal region, tropical region Geography or environment topics in IELTS.

neuron

A nerve cell that sends messages in the body

nerve cell, brain cell, synapse, signal cell, transmitter, sensor, impulse carrier, axon

Neurons transmit signals to the brain. Các tế bào thần kinh truyền tín hiệu đến não.

Basic unit of nervous system

neuron activity, neuron function Academic Reading – biology and psychology.

drop

A reduction or decrease

decline, reduction, fall, plunge, downturn, collapse, dip, downturn

There was a drop in temperature. Nhiệt độ giảm xuống.

A noticeable decrease

price drop, drop in quality Useful in Task 1 (line graphs, comparisons).

serotonin

A chemical that affects mood

neurotransmitter, hormone, brain chemical, regulator, stabilizer, messenger, mood booster, substance

Serotonin levels affect mood. Mức serotonin ảnh hưởng đến tâm trạng.

Mood-related brain chemical

serotonin level, serotonin release Science vocabulary – Listening/Reading.

dopamine

A chemical linked to pleasure and reward

hormone, neurotransmitter, brain chemical, mood chemical, motivator, signal, stimulant, messenger

Dopamine spikes with reward. Dopamine tăng khi có phần thưởng.

Brain’s reward chemical

dopamine release, dopamine system Useful in psychology and health topics.

coincide with

To happen at the same time as

happen with, align, match, agree, overlap, synchronize, correlate, accompany

The holiday coincides with the festival. Ngày nghỉ trùng với lễ hội.

Happen simultaneously

coincide perfectly, coincide exactly Useful for describing time in Task 1.

link to

To connect or associate with something

connect, relate, associate, combine, tie, attach, join, bond

Pollution is linked to health issues. Ô nhiễm liên quan đến vấn đề sức khỏe.

Connect to cause or result

link closely, link between Cause-effect essays in Writing Task 2.

look at

To examine or study carefully

study, investigate, observe, explore, analyze, inspect, review, consider

Scientists are looking at the effects. Các nhà khoa học đang nghiên cứu các tác động.

Examine in detail

look at data, look at problem Useful academic phrase in Task 2.

thoroughly

Very carefully and completely

comprehensively, completely, carefully, meticulously, in detail, entirely, precisely, rigorously

He checked the report thoroughly. Anh ấy kiểm tra báo cáo rất kỹ.

Done with full attention

thoroughly research, examine thoroughly Good adverb for Writing.

publish

To make information public

issue, print, release, announce, circulate, broadcast, distribute, disseminate

They published a new study. Họ đã công bố một nghiên cứu mới.

Make something official

publish article, publish data Academic Writing, especially Task 2 and Reports.

finding

A discovery or result from research

result, conclusion, discovery, observation, outcome, insight, evidence, revelation

The findings show improvement. Những phát hiện cho thấy sự cải thiện.

What was discovered

research findings, key findings Academic Reading & Writing vocabulary.

proceeding

A sequence of events

event, process, development, occurrence, action, sequence, happening, activity

The proceedings began at 10 AM. Các thủ tục bắt đầu lúc 10 giờ sáng.

A set of organized actions

legal proceeding, formal proceeding Academic or legal contexts.

mixed

Made up of different elements

varied, diverse, assorted, blended, combined, inconsistent, hybrid, confused

The results were mixed. Kết quả là hỗn hợp.

Not uniform or consistent

mixed feelings, mixed results Useful in Task 2 analysis and conclusion.

biologist

A scientist who studies life

scientist, life scientist, naturalist, ecologist, zoologist, researcher, botanist, academic

The biologist studied marine animals. Nhà sinh vật học nghiên cứu sinh vật biển.

Biology expert

marine biologist, field biologist Listening/Reading academic context.

senescence

The process of growing old

aging, decline, degeneration, wear, deterioration, gerontology, maturity, decay

Senescence is natural for all species. Lão hóa là điều tự nhiên với mọi loài.

Biological aging process

cellular senescence, onset of senescence Advanced academic word for Task 2.

raise

To cause or produce

cause, create, generate, lead to, bring about, spark, trigger, foster

His comment raised concerns. Bình luận của anh ấy gây ra lo lắng.

Bring into existence

raise awareness, raise issue Common collocation in Writing.

stay in good shape

Maintain physical health

keep fit, keep healthy, be active, stay strong, maintain form, get fit, remain well, stay healthy

He runs daily to stay in good shape. Anh ấy chạy bộ hàng ngày để giữ dáng.

Keep body well-conditioned

stay mentally in shape, good shape physically Speaking/Task 2 health-related topics.

deteriorate

Become worse

decline, worsen, degenerate, degrade, collapse, weaken, regress, fail

Her health deteriorated rapidly. Sức khỏe cô ấy xấu đi nhanh chóng.

Gradually become bad

deteriorating condition, mental deterioration Formal tone for academic writing.

predator

Animal that hunts other animals

hunter, killer, beast, carnivore, stalker, raptor, flesh-eater, foe

Tigers are top predators. Hổ là loài săn mồi hàng đầu.

Animal that preys on others

natural predator, top predator Opposite of “prey” – often paired in reading/listening.

harsh

Difficult or severe conditions

severe, extreme, rough, tough, brutal, strict, cruel, unpleasant

They lived in harsh conditions. Họ sống trong điều kiện khắc nghiệt.

Difficult to endure

harsh climate, harsh reality Use to describe challenges in essays.

suffer

To experience pain or hardship

experience, undergo, bear, endure, face, sustain, be subjected to, tolerate

Many suffer from poverty. Nhiều người chịu cảnh nghèo.

Experience something bad

suffer injury, suffer consequences Useful for both Task 2 and Speaking (social topics).

steep

Sudden or extreme (change or slope)

sharp, dramatic, extreme, abrupt, sudden, rapid, intense, drastic

The price increase was steep. Giá cả tăng mạnh.

Very high or sudden

steep rise, steep slope Common in graphs and statistics (Task 1).

for sure

With certainty

certainly, definitely, clearly, without doubt, positively, undoubtedly, indeed, absolutely

I know for sure he’s coming. Tôi chắc chắn anh ấy sẽ đến.

100% confirmed or agreed

know for sure, say for sure Good in Speaking for confident tone.

extend

To make longer or broader

expand, broaden, spread, increase, prolong, continue, enlarge, stretch

They extended the road. Họ mở rộng con đường.

Make something cover more area or time

extend deadline, extend area Academic verb – Writing Task 1 or 2.

insect

Small animal with six legs and often wings

bug, pest, creature, beetle, arthropod, critter, creepy-crawly, fly

Ants are social insects. Kiến là loài côn trùng sống theo bầy đàn.

Small six-legged animal

insect bite, insect species Biology-related reading or speaking topics.

entomologist

A scientist who studies insects

insect expert, bug scientist, zoologist, researcher, biologist, taxonomist, field scientist, academic

The entomologist discovered a new species. Nhà côn trùng học phát hiện một loài mới.

Insect researcher

professional entomologist, insect entomology Advanced academic vocab for Reading.

unique

Being the only one of its kind

sole, exclusive, distinctive, singular, unusual, unmatched, rare, one-of-a-kind

This design is totally unique. Thiết kế này hoàn toàn độc đáo.

Unlike anything else

unique feature, unique experience Great for Writing Task 2 (creativity, innovation).

represent

To stand for or symbolize something

signify, characterize, denote, symbolize, express, illustrate, portray, stand for

The dove represents peace. Chim bồ câu tượng trưng cho hòa bình.

Act or serve as a symbol

represent culture, represent meaning Useful in Speaking/Task 2 (symbols, ideas).

broad

Having great width or extent

wide, large, big, extensive, expansive, vast, spacious, sweeping

He has a broad knowledge of history. Anh ấy có kiến thức rộng về lịch sử.

Covering a large area or scope

broad topic, broad shoulders, broad view Use to generalize in Writing.

pattern

A regular or repeated way in which something happens

example, model, prototype, design, format, arrangement, template, layout

The weather pattern is changing. Mô hình thời tiết đang thay đổi.

A recurring or recognizable arrangement

behavior pattern, growth pattern Common in Task 1 and science topics.

clue

A piece of evidence or sign that helps solve a problem

sign, hint, cue, evidence, indication, trace, lead, tip-off

The detective found a clue at the scene. Thám tử tìm được manh mối tại hiện trường.

A helpful indicator or guide

give a clue, important clue, clue to mystery Useful in Reading (detective, academic texts).