Organic chemistry functional groups

alcohol

OH

amine

NH2

alkene

double bond

alkyne

triple bond

amide

double bonded O and NH2

aldehyde

double bonded O and H (end of molecule )

ketone

C doubled bonded to an O

carboxylic acid(alkaonic acid)

double bonded O and OH (COOH)

position isomers

same carbon chain but functional group at a different location

functional group isomers

different functional groups

chain isomers

different carbon chain

all combustion reactions are…

exothermic

how to test for unsaturation(double/triple bonds)

bromine water

Primary alcohols are oxidised into

carboxylic acids

carboxylic acids are strong or weak acids

weak so they partially ionise

ester

double bonded O and O

is a carbon halogen bond polar or non polar

polar

whats a halogen

fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine

whats a hydroxyl group

-OH

test for carboxylic acid

sodium carbonate(CO2 bubbles)

test for an unsaturated organic molecule

bromine water (orange to colourless)

test for alcohol(OH)

sodium metal (hydrogen gas)/Cr2O7(yellow-green)/MnO4(purple -colourless)

Primary alcohols are oxidized to

carboxylic acids

secondary alcohols are oxidized by

ketones

which alcohols can be oxidised

primary and secondary

carboxylic acid reacts with

sodium hydroxide NaOH

Acidic salt

Weak base + strong acid

Basic salt

Weak acid + strong base