Week 5 : Behavioral Frame of reference

Applied behavior analysis or Behavioral modification

pavlov, skinner, bandura

focuses on external features of human functioning that can be observed and measured, used for health promotion/prevention + improve general human behavioral at a population level

ADHD, developmental/intellectual disabilities, head injuries, mental health conditions

FOR provides strategies to help shape behavior

behavioral frame of reference

Theoretical Base

Classical conditioning (pavlov), operant conditioning (skinner), shaping and chaining, prompting and scaffolding (fading), observational learning (bandura-modeling)

Pavlov classical conditioning

behavior leads to an environmental reaction, the more consistent, and repeated the reaction, the quicker learning occurs 

response generalization = 2 or more environmental responses occur simultaneously

SKinner’s operant conditioning 

learning occurs best in a natural environment 

types of reinforcement: continuous, fixed ratio, fixed interval, negative, token, self. 

Shaping

working towards the desired behavior/skill

reinforce any observable behavior that begins to resemble the desired end behavior

chaining

adding to new behaviors/skills to preexisting skills. reinforce when the new behavior/skills is paired with the previously learned behavior/skill

prompting 

verbal, visual, or physical assistance to initiate the desire behavior 

scaffolding

methods of grading an activity by aiding the client at times that they might struggle or be unable to successfully complete a step

ABA Function

acquisition of adaptive behavior, improved occupational performance

ABA Dysfunction

maladaptive behavior, poor occupational performance

ABA behavioral goals

specific accomplishments that can be observed and measured

aba behavioral objectives

shorter term steps towards longer term goals

Change and motivation 

facilitated through reinforcement. goals is to extinguish unwanted behaviors

continuous reinforcement

giving rewards every time a desired behavior is seen, best for shaping new behaviors

fixed ratio reinforcement

giving rewards after specific number of attempts or successful use of skills. later stages of skill learning

fixed interval reinforcement 

giving rewards at specific time intervals 

intermittent reinforcement

giving rewards at random times. best way to maintain desired behavior

negative reinforcement

withdrawal of attention or other expected outcome

token econies 

systems in which a token is given for desired behavior: could cash in for reward 

self reinforcement

internalized good feelings that result from successfully reaching a desired goal

Evaluation

ABA: identify and define targeted behaviors through strict data collection and analysis. 

Antecedent behavior consequence approach

observational assessments

Functions of behavior 

escape or avoidance, attention seeking, seeking tangbile item/activity, seeking/avoiding sensory stimuli 

Interventions

teaching skills, behavior contracts, relaxation training, systemic desensitization, exposure and ritual prevention, collaborative therapeutic homework.