Motor control

Somatosensation

Is the sense of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and more

Proprioception

Your body's ability to sense movement, action, and location

Most prominent for motor control

Precentral gyrus, central sulcus, postcentral gyrus

Question of motor control is:

“What should I do?”

Movement requires

Contractive elements (muscle fibers)

Contraction triggers

Systems, and provides feedback

Neuromuscular junction is

Cholinergic

Myasthenia gravis blocks

Acetylcholine receptors, which results in motor impairments

First step of NMJ

ACh binds to receptors on muscle, opens ion channels

Second step of NMJ

With sufficient depolarization, voltage-gated Ca channels open

Third step of NMJ

Ca enters cytoplasm and causes interaction between actin and myosin

Fourth step of NMJ

Muscle shortens

Sensory inputs enter from the

Dorsal side

What nerve is the primary nerve that makes muscles contract?

Alpha nerve

Manosynapptic reflex

A quick, automatic response to a stimulus that involves only one synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.

Golgi tendon organ

Send a projection in, sends a signal to an inhibitory intraneuron, that then inhibits the alpha motor fiber

The GTO is an example of a

Polysynaptic sequence

The muscle spindle signals

Muscle strain

Primary motor cortex synapse to

Spinal cord

Cerebellum contains more brain cells

Than the entire rest of brain

All motor control is

In an anterior position

Individual neurons are

Clumsy as fuck (they work better together)

Stimulation of the motor cortex often yields

Complex, not simple, actions

Motor cortex regions code for

Action categories, not body parts per se

Borders between “different” motor cortical fields

Seem distinct

Single upper motor neurons project

To multiple spinal segments

Stimulation often results in a

Final limb position reguardless of starting point

Meninges

Three protective layers of membranous tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord

Cortex to

Spinal cord to muscle

Primary motor cortex

Initiation of doing things, simple movements

Premotor cortex

Complex movements and actions

Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, ventrofrontal prefrontal cortex

What ought I do?

Check the slide!!

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Mirror neurons

Frontal lobe neurons that respond when the animal engages in motor behavior. Respond when organism sees something being done and watches/does it. Responsive when the actions are goal directed.

More complicated actions require the

Frontal lobe

Connections between areas are

Bidirectional. The basal ganglia does NOT fw this

Info flows between cortex, basal ganglia

And thalamus via unidirectional loops