Lecture Notes on Hormones and Metabolism

Vocabulary flashcards about hormones and metabolism.

Epiphyseal Plate

Region of bone where growth occurs, containing chondrocytes stimulated by growth hormone to proliferate and extend bony tissue.

Thyroxine (T4)

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that influences overall metabolic activity.

T4 (Thyroxine)

More stable hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; converted to T3 for cellular activity.

T3

Active hormone form derived from T4; mediates changes in cellular characteristics, affecting gene expression.

Hypothyroidism

Condition of having too little thyroxine; characterized by low body temperature, obesity, and decreased basal metabolic rate.

Cushing's

Condition resulting from too much glucocorticoids; an example of hormone dysregulation.

Islets of Langerhans

Small clusters of cells within the pancreas responsible for endocrine function, secreting hormones like insulin and glucagon.

Beta Cells

Pancreatic cells that secrete insulin, the most abundant type within the islets.

Alpha Cells

Pancreatic cells that secrete glucagon, the second most abundant type within the islets.

Diabetes Mellitus Type One

A metabolic disease characterized by a pseudo starvation response, where cells don't get insulin, leading to catabolic metabolism.

Diabetes Mellitus Type Two

A metabolic disease characterized by receptor downregulation due to excessive insulin spikes, leading to cells not responding properly to insulin.

Parathyroid Hormone

Hormone from parathyroid gland that increases calcium reabsorption in kidneys and activates vitamin D.

Hyperparathyroidism

Condition of increased calcium in plasma, leading to mobilization of calcium away from bone and potential fractures.