Cardiovascular System

What three major elements does the cardiovascular system include?

1. heart

2. blood vessels

3. blood

What are the four main functions of the cardiovascular system?

1. oxygen and carbon dioxide transport

2. nutrient and waste product transport

3. disease protection and healing

4. thermoregulation

the heart

a four chamber structure consisting of mostly cardiac tissue

What are the purposes of each side of the heart?

• the left side is for systematic circulation

• the right side is for pulmonary circulation

What are the four main layers of the heart?

1. pericardium

2. epicardium

3. myocardium

4. endocardium

pericardium

outermost layer of the heart, it is a double-wall sac that encloses, protects, and anchors the heart

myocardium

thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted into ringlike arrangements that contract

What are the four chambers of the heart and what are their purposes?

1. right atrium - receives systemic blood

2. right ventricle - pumps blood to lungs

3. left atrium - receive blood from lungs

4. left ventricle - pumps blood to organ systems

leukocytes (white blood cells)

they defend the body through a process called phagocytosis. they also produce, transport, and distribute antibodies as part of the immune response to a foreign substance.

phagocytosis

when leukocytes (white blood cells) encapsulate and destroy foreign organisms

What does white blood cells (leukocytes) consists of?

neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes

neutrophils

helps protect your body from infections by killing bacteria, fungi, and foreign debris

What does lymphocytes consists of and what’s its purpose?

consist of T and B cells to help protect against viral infections and produce proteins to help fight infection

What do eosinophils do?

identifies and destroys parasites and cancer cells plus assists basophils with allergic response

basophils

produces allergic response like coughing, sneezing, and runny nose

What do monocytes do?

defend against infection by cleaning up damaged cells

thrombocytes (platelets)

small cell fragments in blood that form clots and prevent bleeding; made in bone marrow

What are the three types of blood vessels?

1. capillaries

2. veins

3. arteries

arteries

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

veins

carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

capillaries

microscopic vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs

What are the four valves in the heart?

1. tricuspid

2. bicuspid

3. pulmonary semilunar

4. aortic semilunar