General Physics No. 1

Quality

-          What

Quantity

-          How much

• Scalar

• Vector

Quantity 2 types

Scalar

-          Magnitude & Units

Vector

-          Magnitude, Unit, & Direction

Measurements

are essential components of any science, more particularly in physics and chemistry.

• English

• Metric

Two Systems of Measurement:

Metric System

-          Introduced in France in 1790

-          Base units

• Tera

• Giga

• Mega

• Kilo

• Hecto

• Deka

• Deci

• Centi

• Milli

• Micro

• Nano

• Pico

Prefixes used with metric base units:

Scientific Notation

is a way of writing very large or very small numbers using powers of 10. It makes numbers easier to read and calculate.

Significant Figures

-          Are digits in a number that are known to have certainty plus doubtful figure. The last digit is understood to be uncertain

Accuracy

is how close a measured value is to the true or accepted value.

Precision

is how close repeated measurements are to each other, regardless of whether they are close to the true value.

% deviation

used to see the most precise

% error

used to see the most accurate

Least % deviation

Most Precise

Highest % deviation

Least Precise

Least % error

Most Accurate

Highest % error

Least Accurate

Length

-          Measurement or extent of something from end to end

Mass

is the amount of matter in an object.

Weight

is the force of gravity acting on an object.

Volume

-          Is defined as the amount of space occupied by matter

-          Cubic meter (m³)

• Rectangular

• Cube

• Cylinder

• Sphere

Regular Shapes or Regular Solids

Density

ability to float or sink

rho

Density uses the symbol.

Specific Gravity

is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water (at 4°C).

Temperature

-          Is a physical quantity that expresses the degree of hotness and coldness of a substance (body). It is the manifestation of thermal energy present in all matter which determines the direction of the flow.

Thermometer

Instrument

Celsius (Centigrade) Scale

-          Commonly used here because it is an metric system

-          Anders Celsius

Celsius (Centigrade) Scale who made this unit?

0

Freezing point of Degrees celsius

100

Boiling point of Degrees celsius

Fahrenheit Scale

is made made by Gabriel Daniel

-          Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit Scale is proposed by?

32

Freezing point of Fahrenheit

212

boiling point of Fahrenheit

Kelvin or Absolute Scale

-          SI Base Units

-          No negative

William Thomson, Lord Kelvin

Kelvin or Absolute Scale is made by

Specific Heat

-          is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram (or 1 kilogram) of a substance by 1°C (or 1 K).

• Celsius (Centigrade) Scale

• Fahrenheit Scale

• Kelvin or Absolute Scale

Temperatures:

Law of Mixture (Law of Heat Exchange)

-          The heat lost by the hotter object is equal to the heat gained by the colder object, provided no heat is lost to the surroundings.