Grade 9 ICT – Core Vocabulary

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Key vocabulary terms and concise definitions drawn from the Grade 9 ICT textbook, covering operating systems, spreadsheets, presentations, word processing, networking, ethics, programming and databases.

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72 Terms

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Operating System (OS)

System software that controls hardware and enables user–computer communication.

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Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Visual interface that lets users interact through icons, windows and menus.

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Memory Management

OS function that allocates, tracks and frees computer RAM for programs and data.

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Processor Management

OS task of distributing CPU time slices among simultaneous processes.

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File Management

OS service that organises, stores, retrieves and transfers data files.

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Peripheral / Hardware Management

OS control of input, output and storage devices attached to the computer.

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System Security Management

OS monitoring of login, passwords and access rights to protect data.

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Error Handling

OS action that detects, reports and sometimes corrects run-time faults.

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Single-User System

Operating system that supports only one user at a time.

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Multi-User System

Operating system allowing several users to access resources simultaneously.

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Multi-Processing System

Operating system capable of using more than one CPU.

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Multi-Tasking System

Operating system that runs several programs concurrently.

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Troubleshooting

Process of identifying and resolving computer hardware or software problems.

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Conditional Formatting

Excel feature that changes cell appearance when specified criteria are met.

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Cell Style

Preset combination of font, colour and formatting applied to worksheet cells.

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Table Style

Pre-built design that formats an entire Excel table consistently.

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IF Statement (Excel)

Formula that returns one value if a condition is true and another if false.

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COUNTIF Function

Excel function that counts cells within a range that meet given criteria.

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Slide Master

Top slide in PowerPoint that stores theme, fonts and placeholders for all layouts.

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Design Template (PowerPoint)

Saved .potx file containing preset layouts, colours, fonts and effects.

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Mail Merge

Word process that combines a main document with a data source to create personalised copies.

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Table of Contents (TOC)

Automatically generated list of document headings and corresponding page numbers.

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Table of Figures

Auto-generated list of captions for tables or images with their page numbers.

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Heading Style

Pre-defined Word format (e.g., Heading 1, Heading 2) used to structure documents.

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Personal Area Network (PAN)

Very small network (room range) connecting devices of one person, often via Bluetooth or USB.

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Local Area Network (LAN)

Network covering a limited area such as a building, using cables or Wi-Fi.

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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Network that links LANs across a town or city.

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Wide Area Network (WAN)

Network that spans a country or the globe, often using public telecommunication links.

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Storage Area Network (SAN)

Specialised high-speed network connecting multiple servers to a pool of storage devices.

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Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Secure encrypted tunnel over the Internet that links users to a private network.

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Bus Topology

Network layout where all devices share a single backbone cable.

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Ring Topology

Network arrangement in which each node connects to exactly two others forming a loop.

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Star Topology

Network design where each node connects to a central hub or switch.

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Mesh Topology

Network structure with nodes interconnected to many others, providing multiple paths.

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Tree (Hierarchical) Topology

Network that combines star groups onto a bus, arranged like branches of a tree.

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Intranet

Private network accessible only to an organisation’s members.

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Extranet

Extension of an intranet that grants controlled access to external partners.

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Wi-Fi

Wireless networking technology using radio waves for high-speed Internet access.

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Modem

Device that converts digital signals to analogue (and back) for communication over cables or phone lines.

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Router

Networking device that forwards data packets between different networks.

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Firewall

Hardware or software that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic.

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Ownership (Digital)

Legal right of the creator or purchaser to possess a work or item.

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Copyright ©

Law granting creators exclusive rights to copy, distribute and modify their works.

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Plagiarism

Presenting someone else’s work or ideas as one’s own without proper credit.

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Ergonomics

Science of designing equipment and workspace to fit the user and reduce strain.

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Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

Pain in muscles, nerves or tendons due to repeated movements such as typing.

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Eye Strain

Tired or painful eyes from prolonged screen use, glare or poor lighting.

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Back & Neck Pain

Musculoskeletal discomfort caused by poor posture or unsuitable furniture while computing.

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Hacking

Gaining unauthorised access to computer systems or data.

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Computer Virus

Malicious self-replicating program that can damage files or systems.

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Cyberbullying

Use of digital media to harass, threaten or humiliate someone repeatedly.

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Podcast

Series of downloadable audio recordings distributed via the Internet.

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Vodcast

Podcast that delivers video files instead of audio only.

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Wiki

Collaborative website that allows users to add, edit and delete content (e.g., Wikipedia).

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Blog

Online journal or informational website displaying posts in reverse chronological order.

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Social Networking

Online platforms (e.g., Facebook, Instagram) for building social relationships and sharing content.

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Videoconferencing

Live visual communication between people in different locations via networked devices.

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Trace Table

Grid used to record variable values while dry-running a flowchart or algorithm.

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Variable

Named memory location whose stored value can change during program execution.

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Flowchart

Diagram that uses symbols and arrows to represent steps in a problem-solving process.

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Sequence (Algorithm)

Construct where instructions are executed one after another in order.

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Selection

Algorithmic construct that chooses between alternative actions based on a condition.

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Loop / Iteration

Construct that repeats a set of instructions until a condition is met.

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Structured English

Plain-language method that mixes English phrases with programming logic to describe algorithms.

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Python

High-level, easy-to-read programming language used for general-purpose coding.

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print() Statement

Python command that outputs text, numbers or variables to the screen.

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input() Statement

Python command that reads user input as a string and stores it in a variable.

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Form Wizard (Access)

Tool that guides users through steps to create data-entry forms automatically.

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Query (Access)

Database object that retrieves specific records based on set criteria.

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Report (Access)

Formatted output of database information, often summarised and ready for printing.

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Datasheet View

Access table or query view that shows data in rows and columns, similar to a spreadsheet.

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Design View

Access view that lets users define or modify the structure of tables, queries, forms or reports.