PE CHAP 1-4 Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the lecture notes on skills, learning, movement analysis, and biomechanics.

Skill

A voluntary, goal-directed activity that we learn through practice and experience.

Motor Skills

A special form of skill that requires movement of the body or limbs to achieve the goal.

Gross motor skills

Recruit large muscle groups, with less emphasis on precision.

Fine motor skills

Recruit smaller muscles associated with movements requiring precision.

Discrete motor skills

Have an obvious beginning and end.

Continuous motor skills

Have no definite beginning or end point.

Serial motor skills

Several separate skills are performed in a sequence.

Closed motor skills

Are performed in surroundings where the performer has the greatest control over the performance environment.

Open motor skills

Are performed in a less predictable environment where the conditions are constantly changing and the performer has limited control over their environment.

Stability skills

Skills involving balance and control of the body.

Locomotor skills

Skills that enable us to move through space.

Manipulative skills

Skills involving the control of an object.

Blocked practice

Practicing the same skill continually without changing to a different task; appropriate for beginners.

Random practice

Varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same training session; suitable for performers in the associative and autonomous stages.

Feedback

The information a performer receives about the outcome of a task.

Intrinsic feedback

Performers using their own senses; always available to the performer when they understand the goal of the task.

Augmented feedback

Feedback from a coach that can greatly enhance a performer’s own internal feedback system.

Concurrent feedback

Feedback provided during the activity.

Terminal feedback

Feedback provided after the performance.

Knowledge of results

Specific feedback about the outcome of the task.

Knowledge of performance

Feedback that concerns the characteristics of performing a task.

Cognitive stage of learning

Attention is on movement production and performance will be inconsistent; no detection and correction abilities.

Associative phase of learning

The performer makes fewer errors and is able to detect some errors.

Autonomous stage of learning

The skill is largely automatic. The performer can detect and correct errors; focus is directed on tactics.

Qualitative movement analysis

Used to improve human movement.

Affordances

Opportunities for action and are defined in terms of the capabilities of the individual.

Force

A push or a pull, anything that changes the shape, speed, direction of an object; anything that causes acceleration of an object.

Inertia

The tendency of a body to resist a change in its state of motion; proportional to mass.

Momentum

The amount of motion in an object; directly related to mass and velocity.

Impulse

The change of momentum, calculated as force multiplied by time.

Distance

The path travelled by an object from start to finish, regardless of the direction travelled.

Displacement

The change in position of an object from the starting position to the finishing position.

Speed

The time taken to cover a certain distance.

Velocity

The time taken to change position.

Acceleration

The change in velocity in a period of time.

Torque

Causes an object to rotate; results in angular acceleration.

Static equilibrium

A body that is not moving or rotating.

Dynamic equilibrium

A body that is moving with constant velocity; no change in direction or speed.

Balance

The ability to control equilibrium.

Stability

The resistance to the disruption of equilibrium.

First class levers

Axis is between the resistance and the force.

Second class levers

Resistance is closer to the axis than to the force.

Third class levers

Force is closer to the axis than to the resistance.