Middle East

Explain what Pan-Arabism was and its goals

A political and cultural movement to unify Arabs, it hoped to create a single independent Arab state free from Western influence, establish political unity, and go against colonialism

What was the Armenian Genocide?

The killing and forced removal of Armenians from the Ottoman Empire during and after WW1, caused around 600,000 to 1.5 million deaths

Why were Arabs upset after the Paris Peace Conference?

They felt betrayed by the Allied powers, they were promised land and independence, but the Ottoman land was divided into British and French mandate

McMahon Letter

Britain promised Arab independence and protection of Holy Places but used the agreement to justify giving “advice” and setting up administrations in the Middle East.

Sykes-Picot Agreement

A secret agreement between France and GB to divide the Ottoman territories, did not recognize Arab independence, breaks the promises they made in the Middle East

Balfour Declaration

A statement by the British government supporting the establishment of a national home for the Jewish in Palestine, the British wanted to do more things that supported them, as this gave more security in the Middle East.

What is Zionism?

National and political movement for the establishment and support of a national home for Jews in Israel

How did this impact the Jewish people and the Middle East?

Moving Jewish people to Palestine caused Palestinians to feel as though their culture and homeland were being exploited, still current issues

What was the mandate system?

Created by the League of Nations, which placed the former Central Powers' territories under the Allied powers

Causes of nationalism in Turkey 

Decline of the Ottoman Empire, modernization efforts, such as the alphabet and the political system

Effects of nationalism in Turkey

Turkish War of Independence, formation of a republic, and a national identity

Causes of nationalism in Persia 

Imperialism, loss of territories, cultural revival emphasizing history, culture, and language, economic exploitation by countries such as GB

Effects of nationalism in Persia 

Nationalization of oil and the national front, rise in political movements

Who were the driving forces of nationalism and modernization in each of these places?

Turkey and Persia 

Who were the driving forces of nationalism and modernization in each of these places? (Turkey)

Led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.  New alphabet based on Roman letters, new time and measurement system, introduced secular law, and altered religion and cultur

Who were the driving forces of nationalism and modernization in each of these places? (Persia)

Led by Reza Shah. Modern and secular school for boys and girls, removed secularism, women's dress code, and slavery, made the first constitution including secular court system, legislative assembly, restricted and reorganized the economy

What were the primary goals and were they successful? (Turkey)

Create a modern, secular, independent state, unify the population under a Turkish identity, modernize society, and reduce the power of religion

What were the primary goals and were they successful? (Persia)

End foreign influence, modernize and strengthen state through secular education, legal reforms, and legislation, create a national identity, reduce power of the clergy