Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
•Mary checks her phone every 30 minutes for incoming text messages, but she finds messages only some of the time. Her behavior is being reinforced by what kind of reinforcement schedule?
•Variable Interval
•Classical and operant conditioning are based on the principles of which psychological perspective?
Behavioral
•Jazz is determined to quit drinking and enters a therapy program. The program places a nausea inducing drug into each drink that she takes. After a few weeks, the sight or thought of a drink makes Jazz sick. Her initial sickness as a result of the drug is a(n)
UR
•Review the scenario in the previous question. The drug that makes her sick is a(n)
US
Which of the following statements is true?
a.Positive punishment continues a behavior; negative punishment decreases a behavior.
b.Positive reinforcement continues a behavior; negative reinforcement discontinues a behavior.
c.Positive punishment discontinues a behavior; negative punishment continues a behavior.
d.Positive punishment continues a behavior; positive reinforcement continues a behavior.
e.Positive reinforcement continues a behavior; negative reinforcement continues a behavior.
e. Positive reinforcement continues a behavior; negative reinforcement continues a behavior.
Latent learning is evidence for which of these conclusions?
a.Punishment is an ineffective means of controlling behavior.
b.Negative reinforcement should be avoided when possible.
c.Cognition plays an important role in operant conditioning.
d.Conditioned reinforcers are more effective than primary reinforcers.
e.Shaping is usually not necessary for operant conditioning.
•Cognition plays an important role in operant conditioning.
•After being conditioned to salivate to the tone that has been paired with food, a dog stops salivating when the tone is repeatedly presented without the food. After a few weeks, the dog hears the tone and starts salivating again. What best explains the dog renewed salivation?
•Spontaneous Recovery
An employee at a store is paid $10 for each pair that he sells. If he does not sell any shoes, he does not get paid. His paycheck is based on which of the following schedules of reinforcement?
a.Variable ratio.
b.Fixed interval.
c.Fixed ratio.
d.Variable interval.
e.Spontaneous.
b. fixed interval
A student studies diligently to avoid the bad feelings associated with a previously low grade on a test. In this case, the studying behavior is being strengthened because of what kind of reinforcement?
•Negative Reinforcement
Which of the following processes would produce the acquisition of a conditioned response?
a.Repeatedly present an unconditioned response.
b.Administer the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.
c.Make sure that the conditioned stimulus comes at least one minute before the unconditioned stimulus.
d.Pair a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus several times.
e.Present the conditioned stimulus until it starts to produce an unconditioned response.
•Pair a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus several times.
Taste aversion studies lead researchers to which of the following conclusions?
a.Taste is the most fundamental of the senses.
b.Animals must watch another animal have a taste reaction before they exhibit the aversion.
c.Animals must evaluate a situation cognitively before taste aversion develops.
d.Taste aversion is a universal survival mechanism.
e.A US must occur within seconds of a CS for conditioning to occur.
•Taste aversion is a universal survival mechanism.
•An organism responds to a 10-Hz tone but not to a 25-Hz tone, demonstrating the concept of
discrimination
Which of the following most accurately describes an impact of punishment?
a.Punishment is a good way to increase a behavior as long as it is not used too frequently.
b.Punishment may create problems in the short term but rarely produces long term side effects.
c.Punishment can be effective at stopping behaviors quickly.
d.Punishment typically results in an increase of a behavior caused by the removal of an aversive stimulus.
e.Punishment should never be used (in the opinion of most psychologists), because the damage it causes can never be repaired.
c. Punishment can be effective at stopping behaviors quickly.
•What is one of the principal functions of mirror neurons?
•To be the mechanism by which the brain accomplishes observational learning.
Which of the following best demonstrates the law of effect?
a.Tommy keeps asking Josie to the prom even though she has said no several times.
b.Gloria refuses to make her bed and is grounded.
c.A dog whines at the door and is let out so later she whines again.
d.A baseball player drops the ball and is cut from the team.
e.A dancer chooses a costume based on what her friends are wearing.
c. A dog whines at the door and is let out so later she whines again.
•What did Albert Bandura’s bobo doll experiments demonstrate?
•Children are likely to imitate the behavior of adults.
Which of the following illustrates generalization?
a.A rabbit has been conditioned to blink to a tone also blinks when a different tone is sounded.
b.A dog salivates to a tone but not to a buzzer.
c.A light is turned on repeatedly until a rat stops flexing its paw when it’s turned on.
d.A pigeon whose disk-pecking response has been extinguished is placed in a Skinner box three hours later and begins pecking at the disk again.
e.A child is startled when the doorbell rings.
•A rabbit has been conditioned to blink to a tone also blinks when a different tone is sounded.
Which of the following is an application of shaping?
a.A mother who wants her daughter to hit a baseball first praises her for holding the bat, then for swinging it, and then for hitting the ball.
b.A pigeon pecks a disk 25 times for an opportunity to receive a food reinforcement.
c.A rat presses a bar when the green light is on but not when a red light is on.
d.A rat gradually stops pressing a bar when it no longer receives a food reinforcement.
e.A gambler continues to play a slot machine, even though he has won nothing on his last 20 plays, and he has lost a significant amount of money.
a. A mother who wants her daughter to hit a baseball first praises her for holding the bat, then for swinging it, and then for hitting the ball.
Which of the following processes is the best term for how we learn languages?
a.Biofeedback
b.Discrimination
c.Modeling
d.Insight
e.Creativity
c. Modeling
