NTA Questions VIII

Prinz metal’s angina was originally described in:

1959 by Prinz metal

Aortic dissection may sometimes be associated with an:

ST segment elevation

Detection of a new ST segment elevation in at least two continues leads is considered as critical in diagnosis of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI. The logical questions would be, elevation in reference to what?

**TP segment**

Prinz metal’s angina is characterized by spontaneous episodes and often recurrent episodes of chest pain at rest due to reversible coronary spasm. The spasm may occasionally be induced by emotional stresses or efforts. Prinz metal’s angina is associated with transient:

ST segment elevation

Potassium is one of the most important electrolytes that is critical to the functioning of heart muscle. Normal plasmatic level for potassium is 3.6 – 5.2 millimoles per liter. Consequently, significant variations of its plasmatic levels above 6.0 millimoles per liter may have dramatic effects on electric activities and cause arrhythmias. Hyperkalemia induces an:

ST elevation in right precordial leads

Ischemia causes injury to which layer of the heart:

myocardium

Which of the following rhythm is considered as precursor of ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac death:

**ventricular tachycardia**

In which of the following lethal rhythm, no QRS, no pulse, no BP is detected:

ventricular fibrillation

In which of the following condition, heart muscle can not contract even though electrical activity is detected in ECG:

pulseless electrical activity

Which of the following lethal rhythm does not allow the heart muscle to rest between contractions:

ventricular tachycardia

Which of the following atrial rhythm is left untreated can cause blood clot?

**atrial fibrillation**

Which of the following atrial rhythm can be expected after surgical intervention:

atrial flutter

Decrease in oxygenation of myocardium is

ischemia

Death of myocardial cell as a result of lack of oxygenation is:

infarction

Which of the following is considered normal sequence of ECG abnormalities after occlusion of coronary artery:

**ischemia, injury, necrosis**

Detection of a new ST segment elevation in ______________________is considered as critical in diagnosis of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI

at least two continues leads

Causes of ST segment elevations is/are:

all of the above (an evolving stemi, Prinz metal’s angina, acute pericarditis, and aortic dissection)

J point elevation also known as benign early repolarization (BER). It is considered a non-pathological condition, observed in 1% of general population and in almost 48% of patients referred to an emergency point of care for chest pain. J point elevation is often seen:

in young healthy individuals in leads V1, V2 and V3

J point elevation also known as benign early repolarization (BER). It is considered:

a non-pathological condition, observed in 1% of general population and in almost 48% of patients referred to an emergency point of care for chest pain.

The Apical Ballooning Syndrome is a cardiomyopathy, described for the first time in Japan in 1991. It is characterized by an acute extensive and reversible akinesis of the medium-apical portion of the left ventricle in the absence of obstructive stenosis of epicardial coronary arteries, it is also known as:

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy