Body Organization & Homeostasis Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering anatomical terminology, physiological processes, homeostasis, and medical imaging based on Chapter 1 notes.

Microscopic anatomy that focuses on the study of cell structure is called __________.

Cytology

Microscopic anatomy that focuses on the study of tissue structure is called __________.

Histology

The subspecialty of anatomy that studies the first eight weeks of development following fertilization of an egg in humans is __________.

Embryology

Surface anatomy involves understanding internal anatomy through visualization and __________ (gentle touch).

palpation

The phase of metabolism involving the breakdown of complex chemical substances that provides ATP is called __________.

Catabolism

The phase of metabolism that involves the building of complex chemical substances and uses ATP is called __________.

Anabolism

A normal dynamic range for blood glucose levels in maintaining homeostasis is __________ of blood.

$$70\text{--}110\text{ mg of glucose/dL}$$

Fluid found inside cells is classified as __________ fluid.

Intracellular

Fluid found outside cells is classified as __________ fluid.

Extracellular

In a homeostatic control mechanism, the component that detects stimuli is the __________.

Receptor

Normal body temperature maintained by homeostasis ranges from __________ to $37.8^{\circ}\text{C}$.

$$35.6^{\circ}\text{C}$$

When blood calcium levels rise above the set point, the thyroid gland releases __________.

calcitonin

When blood calcium levels fall below the set point, the parathyroid glands release __________.

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Objective changes in body function that can be observed and measured, such as fever or swelling, are known as __________.

Signs

Subjective changes in body function that are felt by the patient, such as a headache, are known as __________.

Symptoms

When the body is lying face down, it is in the __________ position.

Prone

When the body is lying face up, it is in the __________ position.

Supine

The anatomical landmark term for the armpit is __________.

Axilla

The anatomical landmark term for the thumb is __________.

Pollex

The anatomical landmark term for the great toe is __________.

Hallux

The directional term __________ means farther from the origin of a body part or point of attachment of a limb.

Distal

A plane that divides the body into equal right and left sides is called the __________ plane.

Midsagittal

A plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions is the __________ plane.

Frontal

An anatomical plane that passes through the body at an angle between transverse and sagittal or frontal planes is an __________ plane.

Oblique

The anatomical region in the central thoracic cavity between the medial walls of the pleural cavities is the __________.

Mediastinum

The portion of the serous membrane that lines the cavity wall is called the __________ serosa.

parietal

The portion of the serous membrane that covers and adheres to organs within the cavity is called the __________ serosa.

visceral

Medical imaging that relies on high-energy magnetic fields to align protons in body fluids is __________.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

An endoscopic examination used to visualize the interior of a joint, such as the knee, is called __________.

Arthroscopy