CompTIA core 2

Operating System (OS)

Required to get any functionality out of a computer system.

Common functions of Operating Systems

1. Interface to interact with the system 2. Drivers to communicate with hardware 3. Applications for additional functionality 4. File Management for copying, moving, and deleting files 5. Network Connectivity for local resources and internet connection 6. System Security to prevent unauthorized access.

Closed Source Operating System

Only available from a single organization.

Open Source Operating System

Can be distributed by many organizations and the code can be freely modified.

Command Line Interface (CLI)

A type of OS controlled by typing commands into a prompt.

Windows 10 Release and Support

Released in 2015, supported until 2035.

Features of Windows 10 Home Edition

Target group: Consumers; Network support: Workgroup; NTFS Encryption; Remote Desktop Client only; Hyper V; BitLocker; Group Policy; Physical CPU Limit: 1; RAM Limit: 128 GB.

Target group for Windows 10 Pro

Corporate users.

Windows 10 Pro Network Support

Domain and Workgroup.

Windows 10 Pro Physical CPU Limit

2 CPUs.

Windows 10 Pro RAM Limit

2 TB.

Windows 10 Pro Encryption Feature

NTFS Encryption.

Windows 10 Pro Remote Desktop Feature

Remote Desktop Client and Server.

Windows 10 Pro Virtualization Feature

Hyper-V.

Target group for Windows 10 Pro for Workstations

Corporate users.

Windows 10 Pro for Workstations Physical CPU Limit

4 CPUs.

Windows 10 Pro for Workstations RAM Limit

6 TB.

In Place Upgrade Purpose

To replace Windows while keeping data and compatible applications intact.

Requirements for In Place Upgrade

A previous bootable version of Windows installed and installation media on removable or local storage.

Considerations before In Place Upgrade

Backup files and preferences, application and driver support, hardware compatibility.

Possible Upgrades to Windows 10

In place upgrade from Windows 7 or 8.1, upgrade from Windows 8.0 to 8.1.

Downgrading from a Pro 7 to a Home 10

Results in losing certain settings.

Command to list commands

help

Command to list files and folders

dir

Command to move between folders

cd or chdir

Command to make new folders

md or mkdir

Command to delete empty folders

rmdir

Command to delete files

del

Command to list files and folders in current and all subfolders

tree

Inputs used for drive navigation

C or D.

Command to check Windows version

winver

Command to clear the screen

cls

Command to copy files from folder to folder

copy

Command to copy folders and subfolders with files

xcopy

More advanced copying task than xcopy

robocopy

Command that uses ICMP to check unicast status

ping

Ping command option to set number of pings

-n

Ping command option to change packet size

-l

Ping command option for continuous pings

-t

Ping command option to force IPv4

-4

Ping command option to force IPv6

-6

Command to display interface configurations

ipconfig

Command for detailed interface information

ipconfig /all

Command to renew DHCP server configurations

ipconfig /renew

Command to remove DHCP configurations

ipconfig /release

Command to display local DNS cache

ipconfig /displaydns

Command to clear local DNS cache

ipconfig /flushdns

Purpose of 'net use' command

Connect to a network share.

Using 'net use' command to connect to a share

net use x: \servernamesharename

What does 'netstat' display?

Active network connections.

What does 'netstat -a' display?

All connections including listening ports.

Purpose of 'tracert' command

Uses ICMP to return hop count.

What does 'net user' do?

Manage user accounts.

What does 'pathping' command do?

Combines ping and traceroute.

What does 'nslookup' identify?

Current DNS server and displays IP addresses for a provided name.

What does 'hostname' command display?

Computer's hostname.

What does 'chkdsk' command do?

Scans a disk to recover corrupted files.

What does 'chkdsk /f' do?

Fixes errors on the disk.

What does 'chkdsk /r' do?

Fixes errors and locates bad sectors.

What does 'format' command do?

Erases a disk and applies a file system format.

What does 'fs' specify in format command?

Specifies the type of file system (FAT, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS).

How to format D drive as NTFS?

format D: /fs:ntfs

What does 'format /q' do?

Performs a quick format.

How to quick format D drive as FAT32?

format D: /fs:FAT32 /q

What does 'convert' command do?

Changes FAT/FAT32 to NTFS without erasing files.

What does 'convert /fs:' specify?

Volume will be converted to NTFS.

Can you convert NTFS to another file system?

No, cannot convert NTFS to another file system.

What is 'Diskpart'?

A command line tool for partition management.

What is 'sfc'?

System file checker to repair system files.

What does 'sfc /SCANNOW' do?

Scans and repairs protected system files.

What does 'sfc /VERIFYONLY' do?

Scans system files but does not repair.

What does 'shutdown' command do?

Sends a signal to turn off the system.

What does 'shutdown /p' do?

Turns off the local computer with no timeout or warning.

What does 'shutdown /r' do?

Performs a full shutdown and restart of the computer.

Command to update group policy settings

Gpupdate

Command to show applied group policies

Gpresult

What does Processes tab in Task Manager display?

Displays all running processes including background processes.

What can be done with nonresponsive processes in Task Manager?

They can be closed.

What does Performance tab in Task Manager show?

Displays performance graphs.

What information under Users tab in Task Manager?

Currently logged-in users, allows user logout.

What feature in Task Manager manages autostarting applications?

Startup tab.

Command to launch Task Manager via run box

taskmgr

Purpose of Microsoft Management Console (MMC)

Create a custom toolbox of utilities called Snap-ins.

What are Snap-ins in MMC?

Other consoles available like Device Manager or Disk Management.

Command to launch Microsoft Management Console

mmc

What does Event Viewer Snap-in display?

Logs of timestamped events for troubleshooting.

Types of logs in Event Viewer

System logs, Security logs, Application logs.

Color representing error in Event Viewer logs

Red.

Color representing warning in Event Viewer logs

Yellow.

Color representing informational messages in Event Viewer logs

White.

Purpose of Disk Management Snap-in

Manage disk partitions.

Purpose of Task Scheduler Snap-in

Create and schedule tasks.

Purpose of Device Manager Snap-in

Check for updates and install drivers.

Purpose of Certificate Manager Snap-in

Manage certificates on a computer.

Command to create/change/delete users on a local computer

lusrmgr.msc

Utility to monitor computer performance

Performance Monitor (perfmon.msc).

Command to edit local group policy

gpedit.msc

Command to view detailed system information

msinfo32

Section in System Information identifying hardware conflicts

Hardware Resources.

Section in System Information for driver details

Components.