Practical Assessment (WJEC)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design

The structured process of planning and conducting experiments to ensure results are reliable, reproducible, and valid.

Practical Assessment

Evaluates students' ability to apply scientific knowledge through hands-on experiments, focusing on planning, data collection, analysis, and reporting.

Aim

The purpose of the investigation, usually framed as a question or hypothesis to be tested.

Hypothesis

A predictive statement based on prior knowledge that can be tested through experimentation.

Materials and Equipment

A list of tools and materials required to conduct an experiment.

Procedure/Method

A detailed guide on how to conduct the experiment, ensuring it can be replicated.

Data Collection

The process of gathering measurable evidence during the experiment, often recorded in tables or charts.

Risk Assessment

Identification of potential hazards and how to minimize them during the experiment.

Independent Variable

The variable that is changed or manipulated by the experimenter to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured during the experiment, and is affected by changes in the independent variable.

Controlled Variables

Variables that are kept constant throughout the experiment to ensure any changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variable.

Controlled Investigations

Experiments that test the effect of one variable while keeping all other factors constant.

Field Investigations

Research conducted in natural settings with minimal control over variables.

Observational Studies

Studies that involve monitoring and recording without manipulating variables.

Comparative Investigations

Research that compares two or more groups or conditions to identify similarities and differences.

Modelling Investigations

Creating models to simulate complex scientific phenomena or processes that are impractical to study directly.

Surveys and Questionnaires

Data collection methods involving gathering information from individuals or groups to analyze trends or correlations.

Case Studies

In-depth investigations of a single instance or event, providing detailed insight.

Data Collection

Gathering accurate and reliable data using tools and techniques, including systematic recording and repetition.

Accurate Measurement

Collecting data with precision using calibrated tools to ensure reliable results.

Data Analysis

Organizing and interpreting data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships, including statistical analysis.

Error Analysis

Identifying and analyzing potential errors, including systematic and random errors, in the experiment.

Thermometer

Measures temperature in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit, essential for experiments involving temperature changes.

Balance

Measures mass in grams or kilograms, used for accurate measurement of solids, liquids, or powders.

Graduated Cylinder

Measures the volume of liquids, providing accurate measurements in milliliters or liters.

Bunsen Burner

Provides a controlled flame for heating substances, sterilization, and combustion in experiments.

Safety Goggles

Protects eyes from chemical splashes, flying particles, and intense light.

Lab Coat

Shields clothing and skin from spills and splashes in the laboratory.

Data Interpretation

Analyzing data to identify patterns and trends, assessing whether the results support the hypothesis.

Scientific Report

A well-structured document that includes an introduction, method, results, analysis, conclusion, and evaluation of an experiment.

Statistical Analysis

Using basic statistical methods like mean, median, range, and standard deviation to summarize and interpret data.

Volumetric Flask

Used for preparing solutions of precise volumes and standard solutions where exact volume is crucial.

Pipette

Transfers precise volumes of liquid, essential for accurate liquid measurements in experiments.

Conical Flask (Erlenmeyer Flask)

Mixes and heats liquids while minimizing spillage, useful for swirling liquids without splashing.

Watch Glass

Covers beakers or holds small samples for evaporation, heating, sterilization, and combustion.

Hot Plate

Provides a flat surface for heating liquids without an open flame.

Water Bath

Provides a stable, controlled temperature environment for heating substances gently and uniformly.

Data Presentation

Using tables, graphs, and charts to present data clearly, ensuring visual aids are accurately labeled with appropriate scales and units.

Measurement Precision

Evaluating the accuracy of measurements and calculations, considering potential errors in data collection.

Experimental Reproducibility

Assessing whether results can be reproduced by others under similar conditions, enhancing reliability.