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Troposphere Temperature Trend

air cools as you increase b/c it's heated from the Earth's surface as infared radiation

Troposphere Radiation

most radiation passes through and is absorbed by Earth's surface

Stratosphere Temperature Trend

becomes warm due to the ozone layer

Stratosphere Radiation

ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation

Mesosphere Temperature Trend

very cold, molecules far apart, nothing heats up

Mesosphere Radiation

most passes through

Thermosphere Temperature Trend

individual molecules become very hot

Thermosphere radiation

Asorbs NRG gamma and xrays

temperature

measure of heat NRG
F or C
Thermometer

Precipitation

Water falling back to Earth's surface due to gravity
Type of precipitation depends on temperature of atmosphere and different altitudes
inched
Rain gauge

Cloud Cover

Clouds are named by their shape and altitude and described by amount of sky is covered. partly/mostly
name and amount
Thermometer

Wind

wind is formed by moving air molecules. Winds are named for the direction they come FROM and their speed
speed and direction it comes fom
anemometer

Air Pressure

Convection causes air to move horizontally(wind), rise (low pressure), sink (high pressure)
bar(b)
millibar(mb)
atmosphere(atm)
pound per square inch (psi)
inches of mercury (in HG)

Absolute Humidity

amount of water vapor in air, expressed as density
grams per cubic meter(g/m^3)
hydrometer

Relative Humidity

percent of water vapor that is actually in the compared to the max amount of water vapor the air can hold a certain temp
percent (%)
psychrometer

Three things to make a cloud

1) enough water vapor to reach 100% relative humidity
2) Temperature at or below the dew point temperature
3) A particle nucleus (ash/dust/smoke)

Coriolis effect

Causes moving air and water to curve

Thunderstorm

formed by lots of heat NRG/unequal heating --- convection with currents moving in opposite directions give molecules electrical charge

tornado

wind shear or twist causes convection/cumulonimbus clouds to spiral

A hurricane

tropical disturbance (low pressure area with lots of clouds/storms/thunderstorm has enough heat NRG to grow, Coriolis effect cause it to spin. Warm water feeds it and cause it to grow.

Air Mass

huge body of air in the troposphere that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at a given height.

Front

when warm and moist air is forced to rise above
the boundary between air masses where stormy weather occurs. This causes water vapor in air mass to condense, form clouds and eventually rain.

isobar

line that connects places of equal air pressure on a weather map

isotherm

Line drawn on a weather map that connects points having equal temperature

Meteorologists

a scientist who study and tries to predict the weather with maps, charts, computers, and other technology to analyze weather data and to prepare weather forecasts.