Chapter 35 Notes

What privileges did Shanfei enjoy during her early life in Hunan province, China?

Shanfei was born into a wealthy landowning family, enjoying luxuries and educational opportunities uncommon for girls of her time.

How did Shanfei's mother influence her education?

Despite appearing subservient, Shanfei's mother actively challenged traditional gender roles and fought for her daughter's education.

What political influences shaped Shanfei's transformation into a revolutionary woman?

The political climate post-Great War, including the rise of nationalism and communism, significantly influenced her transformation.

What familial event allowed Shanfei to liberate herself from foot binding?

The death of her father at age eleven marked a turning point, allowing her mother to free Shanfei from traditional expectations.

How did Shanfei engage in activism at a young age?

At sixteen, she led a student strike, showcasing her leadership in the student movement and breaking gender norms.

What political group did Shanfei join in 1926?

She joined the Communist Youth, prioritizing her political beliefs over personal relationships.

What themes does Shanfei's story reflect about women's empowerment?

Her story reflects broader themes of women's empowerment and the struggle against traditional constraints in early 20th-century China.

What global context contributed to the rise of nationalism after the Great War?

The Great War and subsequent Great Depression created a political environment ripe for upheaval and the rise of nationalism.

How did the Paris Peace Conference influence nationalism in Asia?

It popularized concepts of self-determination and national unity, inspiring independence movements in various countries.

What role did the Indian National Congress play in India's nationalist movement?

It evolved from collaboration with the British to a more oppositional stance advocating for self-rule.

What was a key factor in the rise of Indian nationalism after the Great War?

A growing sense of unity among diverse populations fueled by the construction of a railway network.

What was the impact of the Amritsar Massacre in 1919 on Indian nationalism?

It exemplified British repression and galvanized Indian society, leading to increased support for nationalist movements.

How did Gandhi influence the Indian National Congress upon his return from South Africa?

He transformed it into a mass movement that resonated with the common people.

What principle did Gandhi promote in his fight for independence?

He advocated for nonviolence (ahimsa) and satyagraha (truth-force) as key strategies.

What was the Government of India Act enacted in 1935?

It granted India a degree of self-governance with autonomous legislative bodies and a bicameral national legislature.

What were the challenges faced upon implementing the India Act in 1937?

Political instability and communal tensions, particularly between Hindus and Muslims, marred its implementation.

What was the significance of the May Fourth Movement in China?

It marked a shift towards radical political thought and action, emphasizing national unity and anti-imperialism.

Who was a significant leader during the Long March for the Chinese Communist Party?

Mao Zedong emerged as a key leader, developing Maoism which emphasized the role of peasants in revolution.

How did Japanese nationalism manifest after World War I?

It contributed to a militaristic vision of self-sufficiency and opposition to international cooperation.

What was the Mukden Incident, and why was it significant?

A staged explosion was used as a pretext for Japan's invasion of Manchuria, marking a shift toward militarism.

What was the British reaction to nationalism in India post-Great War?

The British government implemented repressive measures that ultimately fueled unrest and violence.

What was one result of the economic exploitation by colonial powers in Africa?

It led to the rise of nationalist movements advocating for social and political reforms.

How many Africans fought in World War I, and what impact did it have?

Over one million Africans served, leading to increased awareness of rights and injustices of colonialism.

What were the recruitment methods utilized by colonial powers for African soldiers?

Methods included voluntary enlistment, levies from chiefs, and formal conscription.

What was the main impact of the Great Depression on Africa's economies?

Economic vulnerability increased, leading to widespread poverty and dissatisfaction among colonized populations.

Who were pivotal figures in promoting Pan-Africanism in the 1930s and 1940s?

W. E. B. DuBois and Marcus Garvey influenced nationalist movements, calling for unity among people of African descent.

What was the response of Latin America to neocolonialism?

Nationalist leaders developed strategies to combat foreign economic domination.

How did Mexican muralist Diego Rivera's work contribute to political discourse?

His murals visualized social issues and revolutionary ideas, making art accessible to the masses.

What was U.S. Dollar Diplomacy?

A foreign policy emphasizing economic intervention over military action to secure U.S. interests.

What were the effects of the Good Neighbor Policy?

It aimed to foster better U.S.-Latin American relations through economic cooperation rather than military presence.

How did Getúlio Vargas respond to the Great Depression?

He implemented significant economic reforms and protectionist policies to support Brazil's industrial growth.

What influence did Hollywood have on cultural relations under the Good Neighbor Policy?

It played a significant role in shaping positive perceptions of Latin America while promoting U.S. economic interests.

What challenge did President Cárdenas pose to U.S. interests in Mexico?

His nationalization of the oil industry aimed to implement reforms and respond to foreign exploitation.

What was the significance of Augusto César Sandino's resistance in Nicaragua?

He symbolized opposition to U.S. intervention and self-determination for Nicaragua.

How did the Great Depression lead to shifts in economic policies among Latin American countries?

It prompted governments to experiment with new economic models to reduce dependency on foreign investments.

In what way did the aftermath of World War I contribute to the rise of African nationalism?

The war fostered a sense of disillusionment and desire for self-determination among African populations.

What was one effect of colonial powers' economic objectives in Africa?

It led to the establishment of export-oriented economies, negatively affecting local needs and traditional structures.

What characterized the emergence of the new elite in African nationalism?

A new class of educated Africans emerged, advocating for independence and national identity.

What led to the rise of student political activism in Latin America during the 1920s?

Demands for greater representation within educational systems, inspired by revolutionary movements.

How did the experience of African soldiers during World War I contribute to future independence movements?

Their involvement in the war contributed to a growing awareness among Africans of their rights and injustices.