Geography simplified

What is the difference between material and non-material indicators of wellbeing? Provide 2 examples of each

Material indicators are indicators which you can measure easily. These include GDP and literacy rates. Non-material indicators, are indicators which are intangible and are more difficult to measure. These include access to human rights and happiness levels.

What is GDP?

GDP/capita is the total sum of the goods and services a country produces divided by its population.

Wellbeing for Indigenous people

Indigenous people’s wellbeing is related to connection to country and healthy land

What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Is a multifaceted index which measures wellbeing in 3 areas. Health dimension (life expectancy), education dimension (mean and expected years of schooling) and standard of living dimension (gross national income per capita)

Why might two countries with similar GDP per capita have different HDI scores?

The HDI is a multifaceted way to measure wellbeing with many different factors whilst GDP only is one factor.

How do environmental factors (e.g. climate, land use, natural resources) affect wellbeing in different countries?

Variations in water and food security affect wellbeing. Limited rainfall means small towns may not have enough access to clean water. Water is also used by farmers to irrigate their crops. This reduces food security, and wellbeing overall as access to food may be limited, and being limited may be expensive. Dams and water pipelines can solve some of these challenges, however they are expensive to build and maintain.

How have historical and social factors (e.g. colonisation, population size, cultural values) shaped wellbeing in Australia and your chosen country?

Lack of access to healthcare is a key issue for nigerians. Ther is limted healthcare services to rpovide heakthcare, and ther is a high patieent to doctor ratiosn. tHIS reduces access to healthtratemtne tincreasing prevent deaths etc. In Australia, colonisation has had a lasting impact. British colonisation of Austlraia lead to the loss of land and culture for Aborignial australians. This reduces wellbeing as a key area of indigenous wellbeing is connection to country and healthy land. Colonisation has caused long term generational trauma which still continues to affect people today. Lower wellbeing for indigenous people is exmeplified by theri higher death rates and higher unemploymnet rates.

 How do economic factors (e.g. income inequality, employment, access to services) influence wellbeing?

Income levels infulence wellbeing, as higher incomes mean more money to buy essential goods adn services, meaning there is more money to buy other purchases which helps imporve lifestyles such as washing machines. Additionally with more employed individuals, this means more people are purchasing goods adn services, meaning the economy gets boosted. Also more individuals are getting taxed, increasing the money tha goes into imporving key sectors such education adn healthcare which imporves wellbeing.

What are some key challenges affecting the wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples?

Many live in remote or rural areas where there is limited access to essenttail services such as healthcare and education. Additionally there may be less employmnet opportunites \. This contrbutes to higher unemployment rates and poorer health outcomes lowering overall wellbeing. Additionally their concept of wellbeing is closely linked to connection to country. However many aboriginal landmarks are being destroyed, in the pursuit of profit by big companies. THis can reduce wellbeing for indigenous people. Another makor challenge is the intergeneration trauama caused by colonisation, the stolen genrations and ongoing discriminations. Affects metnal health and education outcomes

What is the purpose of the clsing the gap report

reduce the large diffferences for wellbeing of indigenous and n poulation, adn to outline goals to achieve this

One target is :By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander babies with a healthy birthweight to 91%. This target is aiming to improve the health of Aboriginal and torres strati isaldner babies.

This is important for equity as it promotes equality or all races