Honors Freshman Science Test #1

First Test of the Year

Scientific Method

A method where you make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis and analyze your results

Inductive Reasoning

Look at the experiment, have data, and try to infer

Deductive Reasoning

If this is true this should happen

Hypothesis

An educated guess based on information that answers a question

Scientific Theory

A result tested so many times you can predict why it happens

Scientific Law

Gives equations or definitions of what may happen most of the time laws don’t work

Experimental Group

The group that is being tested on and trying to be proven

Control Group

The untouched original group that is not being tested on

Experimental Bias

Experimenting and changing the experiment so you get your outcome

Double- Blind Study

Neither the patient or the doctor knows who is getting the right medicine and who is getting the placebo

Chemistry

The study of properties of matter, the process that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany those processes

Mass

The measure of atoms in an object

Weight

The measure of gravity acting on mass

Matter

Something that occupies space of possesses mass

Atom

The smallest unit of an element that maintains its chemical identity

Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of single type of atom

Compound

A substance that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances; composed of 2 or more type of atoms

Extensive Property

Depend on amount (Mass, Volume)

Intensive Property

Do not depend on amount (Density)

Physical Property

Can be measured or observed without changing (no chemical reaction)

Chemical Property

Relate to how a substance changes in a chemical reaction

Physical Change

Does not change the identity of a substance

Change of State

A physical change in matter

Solid

A definite shape, definite Volume, low amount of energy, particles packed closely together

Liquid

Definite volume, indefinite shape, particles closely packed, but not able to flow

Gas

Indefinite shape, indefinite volume, particles far apart able to shoot about freely P

Plasma

High energy places, taking gas and adding more energy as you tear electrons off

Reactant

A chemical substance at the start of the reaction

Product

A substance at the end of the chemical reaction

Mixture

A compound made up of two or more chemical components that causes no chemical reaction

Homogenous Mixture

Many components mixed together so well you cannot see each individual component

Heterogenous Mixture

A mixture that is not mixed together and you can see the component of it

Solution

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Pure Substance

Substances made of one type of atom or molecule

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down further

Periodic Table

A table that organizes elements in order of atomic number

Metal

A substance that has high electrical and thermal conductivity

Nonmetal

A substance that does not have high electrical and thermal conductivity

Metalloid

An element whose chemical and physical properties fall in between metal and non-metal

Si Measurement

A system of units meant for science

Density

The measurement of how heavy something is for its size

Conversion Factors

A number used to change on set of units to another

Precision

A measure of how close measurements are to one another

Accuracy

Measuring how close the measure value to the standard value is

Percent Error

Measures the difference between and observed value and theoretical value

Percent Error Formula

(Experimental Value-Accepted Value)/Accepted value x100

Significant Figures

The number of rounded digits needed to determine precision of measurement

Directly Proportional

Two physical quantities that are directly proportional

Inversely Proportional

When the value of one quantity increases the other decreases

What process took place during the beaker observations

Diffusion the food dye was diffusing throughout the glass

What causes diffusion to happen in the beaker observations labs?

Because the food coloring is going from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

What type of data were we collecting in the beaker observations lab?

Inductive - because we are pulling from many observations to get a conclusion. We were collecting quantitative data