PMLS1 Chapter 1 (Dates)

Stethoscope (1816)

First diagnostic medical breakthrough invented by Rene Läennec; used to acquire information about the lungs and heartbeats.

Microscope (1840)

The first practical microscope was devised by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; developed for medical purposes due to advanced in lenses and lower costs

Opthalmoscope (1850)

First visual technology invented by Hermann von Helmholz

Laryngoscope (1855)

Devised by Manuel Garcia using two mirrors to observe the throat and larynx

X-ray (1859)

Invented by Wilhelm Roentgen when he discovered by accident that radiation could penetrate solid objects of low density; allowed physicians to view the inside of the body without surgery; used to diagnose pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis since World War II

Electrocardiograph (1903)

Developed by William Einthoven to measure electrical changes during the beating of the heart

Kenny Method (1910)

Served as the pioneering work for modern physical therapy; devised by Elizabeth Kenny in treatment of polio (then called infantile prompted the invention of a new stretcher (called Sylvia stretcher in 1927) intended for transporting patients in shock.

Drinker Respirator (1927)

Invented by Philip Drinker to help patients with paralytic anterior poliomyelitis recover normal respiration with the assistance of artificial respirator.

Heart Lung Machine (1939)

First visual technology invented by Hermann von Helmholz

Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography (1941)

First operated by Forsmann in 1929; developed by Moniz, Reboul, Rousthoi between 1930 and 1940; discovered as safe method in humans by Cournand in 1941; made seeing the heart, lung vessels, and valves possible through inserting a cannula in an arm vein and into the heart with an injection of radiopaque dye for X-ray visualization.

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek (1660)

Father of microbiology known for his work on the improvement of microscope.

Edward Jenner (1796)

Discovered vaccination to establish immunity to small pox; Impact of contribution: Immunology

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat (1880)

Identified organs by their types of tissues; Impact of contribution: Histology

Agostino Bassi (1835)

Produced disease in worms by injection of organic material-the beginning of bacteriology

Louis Pasteur (1857)

Successfully produced immunity to rabies

Gregor Mendel (1866)

Enunciated his law of inherited characteristics from studies on plants

Joseph Lister (1870)

Demonstrated that surgical infections are caused by airborne organisms

Robert Koch (1877)

Presented the first pictures of bacilli (anthrax), and later tubercle bacilli

Elie Metchnikoff (1886)

Described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection

Ernest Von Bergmann (1886)

Introduced steam sterilization in surgery

Karl Landsteiner (1902)

distinguished blood groups through the development of the ABO blood group system

August von Wassermann (1906)

Developed immunologic tests for syphilis

Howard Ricketts (1906)

Discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria & viruses called rickettsae.

Hans Fischer (1929)

Worked out the structure of hemoglobin

Jonas Salk (1954)

Developed poliomyelitis vaccine

James Westgard (1973)

Introduced the Westgard Rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory

Baruch Samuel Blumberg (1980)

Introduced the Hepatitis B vaccine

Kary Mullis (1985)

developed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Andre van Steirteghem (1992)

Introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF)

James Thomson (1998)

Derived the first human stem cell line