Multiple Myeloma/Benign Tumors

What is the most frequent presentation of multiple myeloma (MM)?

A) Solitary plasmacytoma

B) Diffuse osteoporosis

C) Disseminated form with involvement of multiple skeletal sites

D) Localized cystic osteoid lesion

C) Disseminated form with involvement of multiple skeletal sites

Multiple myeloma is derived from which of the following cells?

A) T cells

B) B cell lymphocytes

C) Red blood cells

D) Platelets

B) B cell lymphocytes

Which immunoglobulin is most commonly found in multiple myeloma cases?

A) IgA

B) IgG

C) IgM

D) IgE

B) IgG

Which of the following is NOT a common presenting complaint for multiple myeloma?

A) Hypercalcemia

B) Renal insufficiency

C) Anemia

D) Hypertension

D) Hypertension

What percentage of multiple myeloma cases present with hypercalcemia?

A) 25%

B) 50%

C) 75%

D) 90%

B) 50%

Which protein is secreted by plasma cells in over 95% of multiple myeloma cases?

A) Albumin

B) Bence-Jones protein

C) Hemoglobin

D) Myoglobin

B) Bence-Jones protein

What is the primary therapy for osseous solitary plasmacytoma?

A) Chemotherapy

B) Surgery

C) Radiation therapy

D) Immunotherapy

C) Radiation therapy

Which factor is NOT considered in predicting the conversion of solitary plasmacytoma to multiple myeloma?

A) Lesion size

B) Age

C) Presence of 'M' spike

D) Gender

D) Gender

What is the survival rate for patients with solitary plasmacytoma at 10 years?

A) 20%

B) 50%

C) 70%

D) 90%

B) 50%

Which of the following is NOT an established treatment approach for MM?

A) Induction therapy

B) Autologous stem cell transplant

C) Maintenance therapy

D) Radiation therapy

D) Radiation therapy

Which factor is NOT considered in predicting the conversion of solitary plasmacytoma to multiple myeloma?

A) Lesion size

B) Age

C) Presence of 'M' spike

D) Gender

D) Gender

What is the primary goal of treatment for multiple myeloma?

A) Cure the disease

B) Control tumor growth and pain

C) Prevent infection

D) Reduce hypercalcemia

B) Control tumor growth and pain

Which imaging modality is used for suspected vertebral compression in multiple myeloma?

A) X-ray

B) MRI

C) CT scan

D) PET scan

B) MRI

What is the purpose of autologous stem cell transplant in multiple myeloma treatment?

A) To cure the disease

B) To control pain

C) To increase response and disease-free survival

D) To reduce infection risk

C) To increase response and disease-free survival

What is the dose range for radiation therapy to treat osseous plasmacytoma?

A) 20-30 Gy

B) 30-40 Gy

C) 40-50 Gy

D) 50-60 Gy

C) 40-50 Gy

Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with extramedullary plasmacytoma?

A) Nasal obstruction

B) Epistaxis

C) Bone pain

D) Nasal discharge

C) Bone pain

What is the primary indication for radiation therapy in multiple myeloma treatment?

A) Palliation and pain relief

B) Cure of the disease

C) Prevention of infection

D) Reduction of tumor size

A) Palliation and pain relief

What is the primary cause of pterygium?

A) Genetic factors

B) Heavy exposure to sunlight or wind

C) Viral infection

D) Bacterial infection

B) Heavy exposure to sunlight or wind

What is the typical dose rate from Strontium 90 used in the treatment of pterygium?

A) 1-5 Gy per minute

B) 5-20 Gy per minute

C) 20-30 Gy per minute

D) 30-40 Gy per minute

B) 5-20 Gy per minute

Which disease is commonly associated with exophthalmos?

A) Diabetes

B) Graves' disease

C) Hypertension

D) Asthma

B) Graves' disease

Which type of macular degeneration is treated with radiation therapy?

A) Dry type

B) Wet type

C) Juvenile type

D) Senile type

B) Wet type

What is the primary cause of keloid scars?

A) Genetic predisposition

B) Alteration in the healing process

C) Viral infection

D) Bacterial infection

B) Alteration in the healing process

What is the suggested dose fractionation regime for treating keloid scars?

A) 10 Gy/1 fx

B) 13 Gy/1 fx, 16 Gy/2 fx, 18 Gy/3 fx

C) 20 Gy/1 fx

D) 25 Gy/1 fx

B) 13 Gy/1 fx, 16 Gy/2 fx, 18 Gy/3 fx

What is the primary symptom of arteriovenous malformation (AVM)?

A) Pain

B) Hemorrhage, seizure, focal neurologic deficit

C) Swelling

D) Infection

B) Hemorrhage, seizure, focal neurologic deficit

What is the typical dose for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for AVM lesions smaller than 3cm?

A) 10-15 Gy

B) 16-18 Gy

C) 21-22 Gy

D) 25-30 Gy

C) 21-22 Gy

What is heterotrophic ossification?

A) Formation of bone in soft tissues

B) Degeneration of bone tissue

C) Infection of bone tissue

D) Cancerous growth in bone

A) Formation of bone in soft tissues

What is the typical radiation dose used for treating heterotrophic bone formation?

A) 5-10 Gy

B) 7-8 Gy

C) 10-15 Gy

D) 15-20 Gy

B) 7-8 Gy

What is gynecomastia?

A) Enlargement of the male breast

B) Enlargement of the female breast

C) Swelling of the lymph nodes

D) Inflammation of the thyroid gland

A) Enlargement of the male breast

What is the primary symptom of trigeminal neuralgia?

A) Muscle weakness

B) Chronic pain syndrome

C) Vision loss

D) Hearing loss

B) Chronic pain syndrome

• possible due to loss of the myelin sheath

What is the primary cause of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease?

A) Lack of dopamine

B) Excessive serotonin

C) High levels of cortisol

D) Low levels of acetylcholine

A) Lack of dopamine

• leads to cell death from midbrain area of the substantia nigra