pediatrics unit 1

prenatal visit

before baby is born

well child “checks”

begin within 1 week of birth

preventive care timeline

usually 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 months then yearly

mother’s sexual hx

group b strep, herpes

infant range

0 to 12 months

toddler range

12 to 36 months

preschooler range

3 to 5 years

school age range

6 to 12 years

adolescent range

12 to 18 years

infant (crying)

there is usually a reason

infant (feeding practices)

no solids <6m

breastmilk or formula

toddler (behavior)

discovering autonomy + exploration

toddler (safety issues)

beginning to run + jump

preschooler (behavior)

imitation + playing + toileting

when is self dressing done by

5 years

when do dental visits start

3 years

colic

more than 3 hrs per day

more than 3 days per week

for at least 3 weeks

what is normal for school aged children

bedwetting + increased indpendence

when are hearing screenings done

usually at birth in hospital,3 to 4 years check up

when are scoliosis screenings done

early adolescence

when are lead screenings done

start at ages 9 to 12

what will the infants weight be at 6 months

double of what it was at birth

what will the infants weight be at 12 months

triple of what it was at birth

when do measure length of infant

birth to 2/3 years

when to measure height of infant

from 2 to 3 years and up

how to measure head circumference

around largest part of head

across forehead just above eyebrows

average growth chart percentile

50th percentile

normal range on growth chart

3rd to 97th percentile line

what does consistently below the 5th percentile mean

failure to thrive

what age range is the denver development screening tool (ddst ii)used for

birth to 6 years

ddst ii

not a test of iq

where to test skin turgor on infant

on the abdomen

carotenemia cause

high amounts of bilirubin

what vital sign to check first

respirations

what vital sign to check last

temperature

how to check pulse

apical pulse until 5 years

how long to check pulse

1 minute

what if bp is high in upper extremities

signals for a possible heart defect

when does posterior fontanels close

1 to 2 months

when does anterior fontanels close

12 to 18 months

normal range for infant head size

31 to 38 cm

how to inspect ears (infant/toddler)

pinna must be pulled downwards and back

how to inspect ears (3 yrs and older)

pinna must be pulled upward and back

when is formal auditory testing conducted

about 3 years unless necessary

how many teeth do children have

20 deciduous teeth

when do teeth begin to erupt

at 6 months

how many permanent teeth

28 + 4 wisdom teeth

when do permanent teeth come in

age 5 yr through school age

when to check mouth and throat during assessment

last

genu varum

aka bow legged

common in toddlers

genu valgum

aka knock kneed

common 2 to 7 years of age

what happens in genu varum

lateral bowing of tibia

hip check for congenital dislocated hips

test through 12m of age

galeazzi test

comparing knee heigh when in supine position

checks for congenital dislocated hips

pavlik harness

corrects hip dislocation from 0 to 6 months

positive ortolani exam

feeling the hip pop back into socket (d/t abducting hip)

positive barlow exam

feeling the hip dislocate (d/t adducting hip)

where is scoliosis typically seen in

adolescents

what gender has a higher chance of getting scoliosis

females

scoliosis tx

bracing usually depending on severity

what vaccine is given at birth

hepatitis B

injection site for infants

vastus lateralis

length increase (rule of thumb)

increases 50 percent of birth length by 1 year

how many inches per month are added to height

½ to ¾

how many oz are gained per week

5 to 7 oz per wk

how many cm/mo for head circumference (1 to 6 months)

1.5 cm/mo

how many cm/mo for head circumference (7 to 12 months)

0.5 cm/mo

gross motor @ 1 month

turns head side to side

gross motor @ 2 months

lifts head and chest

gross motor @ 4 months

rolls front to back, head bobs

gross motor @ 6 months

head control, sitting up

gross motor @ 9 months

crawl, pull to stand

gross motor @ 12 months

walks with assistance

fine motor @ newborn

fisted

fine motor @ 2 months

hands mostly open

fine motor @ 3 months

hand regard

fine motor @ 4 months

look and reach

fine motor @ 5 months

look, reach, and grab; foot regard

fine motor @ 6 months

transfer object hand to hand

fine motor @ 8 to 10 months

crude pincer grasp, wave bye, peak a boo, pat a cake

fine motor @ 10 to 11 months

neat pincer grasp

sensory @ birth

can see 8 to 10 inches

sight @ 1 month

watching intently as parents speaks to them

sight @ 1.5 to 3 months

has peripheral vision

sight @ 3 to 5 months

recognizes bottle

sight @ 5 to 7 months

changes posture to see object; will track dropped toy

sight @ 11 to 13 months

can follow rapidly moving objects

when to teeth come in

begins @ 6 months

piaget development: separation

themselves from objects in environment

when does separation occur (piaget)

1 to 4 months

piaget development: object permanence

objects that leave visual field still exist

when does object permanence occur (piaget)

4 to 8 months

piaget development: mental representation

symbls/demonstrations

when does mental representation occur (piaget)

8 to 10 months

language @ 2 months

single vowels “ah”, “eh”

language @ 3 to 4 months

consonants, coo, laugh

language @ 6 months

imitates sound & combine “dada”, “mama”

language @ 1 year

words have meaning; 4 or 5 months, understands “no”, understands 100 words

socialization @ 6 to 8 months

smile for pleasure

socialization @ 3 months

interest