Multiple choice

Plessy v. Ferguson -

1896 case when the US supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of state - sponsored racial segregation under the separate but equal doctrine and created the Jim Crow laws . 

“separate-but-equal” -

A doctrine established by the 1896 supreme court case Plessy V. Ferguson that permeated laws segregating african america as long as equal facilities were provided.

de facto segregation -

A custom and tradition of segregation in places that did not require segregation laws.

NAACP -

National association for the advancement of colored people. 

CORE/James Farmer -

congress of racial equality co- founder james farmer and organised the freedom rides and was a key role in the civil right movement. 

sit-ins -

a non-violent civil disobedience which is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area to protest economic , social or optical change that 4 college freshmen used to protest a restaurant. 

Thurgood Marshall -

civil rights lawyer and former associate justice of the supreme court of the united states

Linda Brown -

was the girl around the brown vs board of education where her parents sued because they wouldn't let her into a former all white school.

Brown v. Board of Education -

a US supreme court case that unanimously ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the separate but equal doctrine. 

Southern Manifesto -

condemn the supreme court ruling of brown vs board of education as abuse of judicial power. 

Montgomery Bus Boycott/Rosa Parks -

Rosa parks refused to give up her seat to a white man and was arrested and then led to the bus boycott where everyone walked to workers or carpooled and refused to take the bus until it was desegregated. 

Martin Luther King, Jr./nonviolent civil disobedience/Mohandas Gandhi -

Before Martin Luther king jr Gandhi created the idea for nonviolent civil disobedience and the king was inspired by Gandhi and used his nonviolent civil disobedience that he used. 

Southern Christian Leadership Conference -

or the SCLC was an organization  during the civil right movement advocating for non-violent resistance by mass demonstration and voter registration drives.

crisis in Little Rock/integration of Central High School - by pol

9 african americans  students  were going to be the first to attend central high school but instead of being let in they were blocked by police and a racist white angry mob. 

Civil Rights Act of 1957

- established a 6 member commission to investigate allegation of voters infringement

SNCC -

The student Nonviolent Coordinating committee who fought racism and segregation and led sit-in marches , etc. 

Freedom Riders -

a series of protests where whites and blacks activities rode interstates buses into segregated southern United states to challenge law enforcement. 

Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity -

a federal agency enforces laws prohibiting discrimination in the workplace based on race, color, religion, sex 

James Meredith/University of Mississippi -

an American civil rights activist who attended the University of Mississippi  and was the first African American accepted.  

Birmingham/”Letter From a Birmingham Jail”/John F. Kennedy -

After martin Luther king got arrested he wrote a letter to John F. Kennedy.  

March on Washington/”I Have A Dream” speech- 

On August 28th 1963 he delivered his speech "I have a dream that i remember for years to come. . 

Civil Rights Act of 1964 -

this act outlawed discrimination based on race, color , religion, sex or national origin during issues like unemployment, voting and access to public accommodation  

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission -

or the EECO is a federal agency that enforces laws prohibiting employment discrimination based on race, color, region , sex, national origin, age , disability as genetic information.

Selma March/”Bloody Sunday” -

March 7th 1965 in selma alabama a peaceful protest march turned into state trooper and deputies attacking the marches with no problems  causing and hurting and killing a lot of african american it was later known as bloody sunday.  

Voting Rights Act of 1965 -

enacted in august 6th 1965 and it prevented states from imposing qualification to deny the right to vote. Like making them take a test before registering  to vote.

Watts Riot -

Detroit was bruins , looting and conflict with police and national guard resulting  in 43 deaths and more then 1,000 wounded and propers lost that was 200 million

Detroit Riot -

worst riot of era = U.S. Army sent in tanks + soldiers to gain control

Kerner Commission -

make recommendations that would prevent further urban riots and concluded that the problem was white society + white racism suggested the creation of two million new jobs in inner cities + six million new units of public housing.

black power -

The mobilization of the political and the economic power of African Americans , especially to compel respect for their rights and to improve their condition

Tommie Smith -

A former American track and field athlete who after placing in the olympics was kicked off the team for holding up his fist during the national anthem in protest.. 

Stockley Carmichael -

a well known/ controversial  activist that popularized black power. 

cultural assimilation -

when a group adopts the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group. 

Malcolm X -

Malcolm X became a symbol of Black Power. communities later broke from the Nation of Islam.  assassinated in 1965 by three members of the Nation of Islam

Nation of Islam -

movement and member of Nation of Islam = believed that African Americans should separate themselves from whites + form self-governing 

Black Panthers/Eldridge Cleaver -

Black Panthers = militant African American leaders preaching black power, black nationalism, + economic self-sufficiency = believed revolution was necessary

assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. -

He was shot on april 4th 1968 by a sniper  as he stood on his hotel balcony in Memphis and his death touched off both national mourning and riot in more than 100 cities 

Reverend Ralph Abernathy -

was close friends with Martin Luther king jr and also a leader of the civil right movement was best known for his role in the Montgomery bus boycott and co- founding the SCLC.