Chapter 1 Embryology & Histology Key Terms

Typical finding

Characteristic or normal discovery

Lesion

Change in structure of organ or part

Etiology

Cause of lesion

Atypical finding

Discovery of variation from normal

Abnormal finding

Discovery of not typical and serious pathology

Physiologic pigmentation

Localized color variation from melanin pigment

Melanin

Natural pigment produced by cells in the gums and oral mucosa that causes natural dark spots and patches

Regions of the face

Facial surface areas such as frontal , orbital, nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic, buccal, oral, & mental

Lymph nodes

Beam-shaped filtering bodies along connecting lymphatic vessels

Frontal region

Region of the head that includes forehead and supraorbital area

Orbital region

Region of head with eyeball and supporting structures

Orbit

Eye cavity containing eyeball

Nasal region

Region of head with external nose main feature

External nose

Surface anatomic region of nose

Root of the nose

Area of nasal region between eyes

Apex of the nose

Tip of nose

Naris

Nostril(s) of nose

Nares

Nostrils of nose

Nasal septum

Vertical partition of nasal cavity

Ala

Winglike cartilaginous structure(s) that laterally borders naris (nares)

Infraorbital region

Region of head located inferior to orbital region and lateral to nasal region

Zygomatic region

Region of the head overlying cheekbone

Zygomatic arch

Arch formed by union of temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Articulation between temporal bone and mandible allowing movement or mandible

Buccal region

Region of head composed of soft tissue of cheek

Masseter muscles

Most obvious and strongest muscle of mastication

Parotid salivary gland

Major gland from zygomatic arch to posterior border of mandible

Oral region

Region of head containing lips, oral cavity, palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, parts of pharynx

Oral cavity

Inside of the mouth

Oral cavity proper

Region on inside of jaws with teeth

Mucocutaneous junction

Lips outlined from surrounding skin

Vermilion border

Edge of vermilion zone

Vermilion zone

Outline of entire lip from surrounding skin

Philtrum

Vertical groove on skin in midline superior to upper lip

Tubercle of the upper lip

Thicker area in termination of midline of upper lip

Labial commissure

Corner of mouth where upper and lower lips meet

Maxilla

Partial upper jaw

Mandible

Single facial bone articulating bilaterally with temporal bones at TMJ

Angle of the mandible

Bend of mandible at intersection of posterior and inferior borders of mandibular ramus

Mental region

Region of head with chin major feature

Mandibular symphasis

Midline area showing fusion of two mandibular processes

Mandibular ramus (rami)

Mandibular plate(s) extending upward and backward from body on each side

Coronoid process

Bony projection at anterior border of mandibular ramus

Coronoid notch

Main part of anterior border of mandibular ramus

Mandibular condyle

Bony projection off border of mandibular ramus

Mandibular notch

Depression between coronoid process and condyle

Vertical dimension of the face

Dividing face into three horizontal parts

Golden proportions

Guidelines for considering vertical dimensions of face to create esthetic and functional proportion

Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)

Paired cervical muscle serving as landmark of neck

Submandibular salivary gland

Major gland in neck at each side

Sublingual salivary gland

Major gland in neck at floor of mouth on each side

Hyoid bone

Bone suspended in neck allowing attachment of many muscles

Thyroid cartilage

Largest of larynx cartilages, visible as laryngeal prominence

Larynx

Upper part of lower airway

Thyroid gland

Endocrine gland in neck