Chapter 3: The Social Self and Self-Esteem Dynamics

Dunning-Kruger Effect

Incompetent individuals overestimate their abilities.

Florence Foster Jenkins

Notable example of Dunning-Kruger effect in opera.

Maria Callas

Renowned opera singer, contrasted with Jenkins.

Self Esteem

One's overall subjective evaluation of self-worth.

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

Measurement tool for assessing self-esteem levels.

High Self-Esteem

Linked to aggression, especially in males.

Low Self-Esteem

Associated with societal problems like bullying.

Arrogance

Excessive self-esteem leading to criticism sensitivity.

Narcissism

Extreme self-focus and inflated self-importance.

Trait Self-Esteem

Stable self-esteem over time and situations.

State Self-Esteem

Temporary self-esteem influenced by current events.

Social Comparison

Evaluating oneself against others' abilities or traits.

Upward Comparison

Comparing oneself to those perceived as superior.

Downward Comparison

Comparing oneself to those perceived as inferior.

Above-Average Effect

Belief that one is better than average.

False Consensus Effect

Overestimation of agreement with one's beliefs.

Basking in Self-Reflective Glory

Taking pride in others' achievements related to oneself.

Self-Handicapping

Creating obstacles to protect self-esteem from failure.

Psychological Hardiness

Resilience characterized by commitment, control, challenge.

Subjective Construal

Personal interpretation of experiences influencing self-appraisal.

Temperament

Innate personality traits affecting emotional responses.

Rumination

Repetitive focus on distressing thoughts or events.

Significant Negative Event

A major occurrence impacting self-esteem and appraisal.