NURS 299: Exam #5 - Study Resource (FINAL)

Describe self-esteem in young adults?

- Increased self of competency

- Have risk taking behavior

- Work/career choices

What stage of Erikson's development stage is young adults?

- Intimacy vs. isolation

- Increased sense of competency/self esteem

- Learns to develop reciprocal intimate relationships (requires mutual trust)

- Developing romantic relationships is key milestone

What is the precursor to diabetes, heart disease, and stroke?

Metabolic syndrome

What are the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in young adults?

- Obesity

- High lipids

- Hypertension

What are the most common causes of death for young adults?

- Unintentional injuries, suicide, homicide

- Motor vehicle accidents

- Suicide

How do we provide education for safety and prevention of death for young adults at risk for motor vehicle accidents?

Seat belts, use of alcohol, aggressive driving

How do we provide education for safety and prevention of death for young adults at risk for suicide?

Assess for depression and suicidal ideation

What is the analysis of all combinations of possibilities and constructs hypotheses; more perceptive/insightful?

Piaget's theory (formal operations)

What is setting back, abstract thinking, introspective thinking, analysis?

Piaget's theory (formal operations)

What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in young adults?

- Chlamydia

- Gonorrhea

- Syphilis

What is an example of a suicide screening question?

Have you ever thought about harming yourself or others

Describe Kohlberg's theory-Postconventional Level?

- Moral reasoning

- Define right and morality in terms of self-chosen principles

What are the interests of individuals can be weighed against the needs of society and the state (e.g. doing something that benefits society vs self)?

Kohlberg's theory (Post-conventional)

Recall normal total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels. Identify lab values that would indicate a need for education for cardiac disease risk factors: LDL?

Less than 100

Recall normal total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels. Identify lab values that would indicate a need for education for cardiac disease risk factors: HDL?

Greater than 60

Recall normal total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels. Identify lab values that would indicate a need for education for cardiac disease risk factors: Cholesterol?

Less than 200

Explain hormone-containing (estrogen or estrogen/progestin) contraceptive methods and potential negative side effects?

Increase the risk of thromboembolic disorders (Blood clots)

What BMI makes a client a candidate for surgery?

40+

T/F: Is BMI the best predictor for health risks?

False, BMI is not the best predictor for health risks

Which two minority groups have the highest rates of obesity?

Hispanics and Blacks

Explain the effect of online networking and young adult relationships?

Can lead to compulsive or addictive use; can negatively impact relationships

What percentage of women are in the workforce?

Women make up nearly half of the work force

Is there support for working mothers in the US and why?

The US provides less support for working mothers compared to other western countries

Compare the pay between women and men?

Women earn 81% of what men earn

Explain the impact of women in the workforce?

The majority of women with a young child work

Describe the Erikson's development stage for middle-aged adults?

Generativity vs. stagnation

What does sense of productivity, creativity, caring for others?

Generativity

What does lack of accomplishment, self-absorption?

Stagnation

Describe the change of glomerular filtration rate with aging?

Entire weight of the kidneys decreases

Why is the entire weight of kidneys decrease?

Blood supply is also diminished, glomerular filtration rate is decreased by nearly half

What are the benefits of aspirin on cardiovascular health?

Helps maintain cardiovascular health only for those who need it, lowers the risk of clot formation

What are the signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia in middle aged adults?

- Fatigue

- Pale

- Spoon-shaped nails

- Weakness

- Hemoglobin levels

What do we ask if your patient is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia?

Ask about history before providing/ recommending medications

What do middle aged adults with insomnia need to avoid prior to bedtime?

Avoid exercises within 2 hour bedtime and excess caffeine

T/F: Middle age adults need a regular sleep-wake cycle in a 24 hour period?

True

T/F: Middle age adults will benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy?

True

What are the interventions for weight management for a group?

- Obtain a history for diet and physical activity

- Fewer calories

- Exercises 30min/day 3-5 days a week

- Social support groups (ask for a list topic that interest the group)

- Lifestyle modifications, medications if needed

Accidents are ___ as high among smokers than non smokers?

Twice

There is a loss of attention, the use of one hand for smoking, and eye irritation? (T/F)

True

How would we reduce injuries in the workplace related to smoking?

Implementing a smoke-free working environment would have the largest effect on the reduction of work-related injuries

Identify the most important topic to provide a community-based education series.

Accidental vs. Disease related deaths

How do we use Bloom's taxonomy and the application of the theory to clients?

- Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation

- Apply stage, learning something and applying it to a situation

- Analyze stage, looking at all options to make a decision

- Evaluate stage, justifying on a stand or decision

- Create a stage (highest level of learning), create a plan, and make sure if it works or not

Explain the risks associated with postmenopausal women who took estrogen and progesterone with cardiac events?

They have an increased risk

When does osteoporosis occur most frequently?

Postmenopausal women who have fair complexions and are small sedentary individuals

Who is affected more of getting osteoporosis?

White and Asian

Who has an increased risk of getting osteoporosis?

Long-term steroids and age

What are the risk factors for getting osteoporosis?

- Small thin frame

- White

- Family history

- Inactivity

- Low calcium intake

When do older adults experience lactose intolerance?

- Secretion of enzymes

- Lactase

- Decreases as part of the aging process

In peptic ulcer disease sores may occur on what type of surface?

Epithelial surfaces of the stomach or small intestine

Who is at a risk for constipation and diverticulosis?

Older adults

These digestive conditions are associated with?

Age-related reductions in peristalsis and physical activity and may be worsened by a lifelong history of chronic low dietary fiber consumption

What Erikson's developmental stage is older adults in?

Integrity vs. Despair (coming to terms with life)

What is the acceptance of like, "at peace"?

Ego integrity

Older adults fear of death and despair, feels life was "in vain"?

yes!

What are the three substages of Erikson's Integrity vs. Despair?

- Ego differentiation vs. work role preoccupation

- Body transcendence

- Ego transcendence

Achieve an identity part from work?

Ego differentiation vs. work role preoccupation

Adjusting to normal aging changes?

Body transcendence vs. body preoccupation

Accepting death?

Ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupation

Describe heat regulation in older adults?

Impaired: need to protect themselves from the sun

How do we help older adults with sex education?

Compensate for normal aging/ medical conditions

What do we teach older adults in regards of sex education?

Teach safe sexual practices

Older adults lose interest in sexual activity as they age?

No, they don't lose interest

How do grandparents raising grandchildren can get support?

Support system that helps connect caregivers to get resources in the community (counseling, support groups, education to help coping)

What is an obesity paradox?

refers to the observation that individuals with obesity, despite being at higher risk for developing certain diseases, sometimes show better outcomes or survival rates when they experience those diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases

This type of weight may be higher in older population?

Ideal protective weight

How do help older adults with options with weight reduction?

Weight reduction since obesity is linked to a lesser quality of life

Compare hospice programs vs. home vs. Hospital vs. Home health?

Palliative and hospice care in homes or institutions, home health care and nurse visits are provided by the community

List ways to promote cognitive health in long-term care facilities?

- Always continue learning

- Annually assess for dementia

- Yearly eye and ear exams

- Use reading glasses

- Semiannual dental visits

- Reading

- Promote entertainment to keep the mind active

Express healthy coping patterns for loss?

Talk about the "good times" and refrain from blaming themselves

Suicide has an highest rate in elderly?

True, than any other age group

What are risks of suicide in older adults?

- Serious illness

- Social isolation

- Alcohol abuse

- Bereavement

How do we manage pain for suicide risk older adults?

Promote value in life and alleviate suffering to manage pain and Euthanasia

Dementia is used as what term in adults?

Umbrella term for cognitive disorders

What are the causes of dementia?

Death of brain tissue (Alzheimer's disease)

What can dementia be?

Chronic or progressive

Dementia is a normal sign of aging?

No it's not!

How can we assess dementia?

This should be part of routine physical exams for older adults

What are the treatments for dementia?

- Medications

- Vaccine research

- Encourage stimulation routines

- Can continue to learn

Identify interventions for urinary incontinence?

Voiding schedules, prompted voiding, incontinence devices, and avoid caffeine

What are the food assistance programs available to older adults?

Food stamps (SNAP), senior nutrition program, meals-on-wheels

What program provides inexpensive meals, education, and socialization for all adults aged 60 and older. Does not specifically target disabled, low-income, or socially isolated adults?

Senior Nutrition Program

Identify the risks for malnourishment for older adults?

- Lack of access to food, inability to prepare food

- Decline in GI absorption, metabolism, elimination

- Deterioration of senses

- High frequency of dentition problems

- Cultural food preferences

- Living environment

- Anorexia resulting from disease

- Medications

Select factors that motivate older adults to be more receptive to health-promotion interventions?

More receptive to health-promotion interventions if they have motivation in their life (e.g. wanting to be part of their grandchild's life, traveling)

What are the changes of the taste buds as adults age?

Decrease as adults age

What increases the risk for older adults to get hypertension?

Older adults tend to increase their salt intake

What are the protein requirements for adult men?

60 g/day

What are the protein requirements for adult women?

50 g/day

Identify how to maintain lean body mass?

Keep up with weight-bearing exercises

Contrast the iron needs for younger women vs. older women?

- Dehydration

- Younger women

- Pregnant women

- Menstruation

- Older women

How much iron does pregnant women need?

27 mg/day

How much iron does menstruating women need?

18 mg/day

How much iron do menopausal older women need?

8 mg/day

Identify the signs and symptoms of dehydration in older adults?

- Confusion

- Weakness

- A hot, dry body

- Furrowed tongue

- Decreased skin turgor (may not be a valid finding)

- Rapid pulse

- Elevated urinary sodium

Explain the nutritional status decline in patients with arthritis?

It may be hard to prepare food due to the pain (leading to malnutrition)

Describe the changes with Vitamin D and climate in older adults?

- Vitamin D increased

- Because skin is too thin, they may absorb well from the sun so supplements may be needed

What is the greatest concern for malnutrition for the elderly population?

Promote optimal health and quality of life

What are the risk factors for malnutrition in the elderly population?

- Access to food

- Inability to prepare food

- Decline in Gi processes

- Deterioration of senses

- Dental issues

- Cultural food preferences

- Living alone

- Anorexia from disease

- Appetite suppressed from medication

If the patient is at high nutritional risk as a nurse we need to?

Assess patient first, seek assessment with a registered dietitian, then add interventions

What is the unintentional malnutrition caused by treatment or diagnostic procedure?

Iatrogenic malnutrition

What is an example of unintentional malnutrition?

Schedule frequent tests that prevent patient from eating, pushing back an NPO surgery from morning to night causing patient to miss all prior meals